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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Self-consistent many-body theory: Application to spin waves in itinerant ferromagnets

Rishabh Kishore

Published Apr 1, 1979• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A self-consistent many-body theory for the many-particle Green's function is developed and applied to derive an exact microscopic formula for the transverse dynamical susceptibility. As a concrete application of the above general results we consider the Hubbard Hamiltonian and obtain the spin-wave stiffness constant for an itinerant ferromagnet. It is found that earlier expressions for the stiffness constant obtained by Edwards and Hertz and Edwards are special cases of our general expression.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.19.3822

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A THEORY OF FERROMAGNETISM IN THE HUBBARD MODEL WITH INFINITE COULOMB INTERACTION

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On the basis of a regular perturbation theory in the form of diagrammatic technique with X-operators, a ferromagnetic state in the Hubbard model with infinite on-site Coulomb interaction U is studied for a wide range of electron concentration n. Treating the kinetic energy of electrons as perturbation, we get the exact graphic representations for three Green’s functions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for electrons with spin ↑ and ↓ (spontaneous magnetic moment is in ↑ direction) and [Formula: see text] for spin waves. All of them are expressed through the unique system of four-point and three-point vertex parts for effective electron-magnon and electron-electron interactions. These vertex parts are calculated in two approximations: a low-density approximation for n≪1 or nh=1–n≫1, and the generalized random-phase approximation (GRPA), which was suggested earlier by us for the description of paramagnetic phase in this model. An important result in both cases is the understanding of essential difference of electron states with spin ↑ and ↓. The state for ↑ has coherent character in all region of electron concentration (n>nc) where a ferromagnetic state exists, while the state for spin ↓ has mixed characters including both coherent and incoherent contribution. For the saturated ferromagnetism (n>ns) when nh≪1, [Formula: see text] is an entirely incoherent (nonquasiparticle) state. Appearance of incoherent state is probably a general property of strongly correlated systems distinguishing its behavior from the Fermi liquid. We show also that the Hubbard-I approximation has no region of applicability for the electron with spin ↓ in a ferromagnet and we found a new factor describing the correlation-narrowing of ↓ spin electron band. Green’s function [Formula: see text] calculated in two different limits n≪1 and nh≪1, are jointed together to allow us to calculate ns which lies in the intermediate concentration regime. For simple cubic lattice we found ns=0.87. In the limit nh≪1 our results reduce to the earlier known ones, including Nagaoka’s result for the spin wave energy. We point out the way to construct a rigorous theory for ferromagnetic state in the intermediate range of electron concentration. In the conclusion several important problems are discussed in connection to the continuation of the present work.

International Journal of Modern Physics B•Nov 10, 1992•18 citations
A self-consistent many-body theory for the many-particle Green's function is developed and applied to derive an exact microscopic formula for the transverse dynamical susceptibility. As a concrete application of the above general results we consider the Hubbard Hamiltonian and obtain the spin-wave stiffness constant for an itinerant ferromagnet. It is found that earlier expressions for the stiffness constant obtained by Edwards and Hertz and Edwards are special cases of our general expression.
The transverse dynamical susceptibility and the spin-wave stiffness constant of spin-density-wave (SDW) states in itinerant-electron systems are studied. The Hamiltonian is transformed by using a transformation which rotates the spin coordinate system locally, so that the new zzz direction lies in the direction of the local spin. For this transformed Hamiltonian, a self-consistent many-body theory developed by Fedro and Wilson and extended by Kishore is exploited to derive an exact expression for the transverse dynamical susceptibility. From the long-wavelength limit of the spin-wave spectrum, given by the poles of the transverse dynamical susceptibility, an exact formula for the spin-wave stiffness constant is obtained. Within the Hartree-Fock approximation, it reduces to the Fisher's formula for antiferromagnets.
Investigation have been carried out on the spin wave energy of a ferromagnet using the random-phase approximation (RPA) in the Stoner model. Based on the Hubbard-Hirsch Hamiltonian, in this paper we study the spin excitation in an itinerant-electron system with the Hartree-Fock Approximation (HFA) to derive the analytic expressions of the dynamical susceptibility of the spin system, by setting up the equation of motion and solving it in a generalized HFA of the susceptibility tensor, Χ-+, and quoting the result for the first derivative of the Green's function. Journal of the Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics Vol. 10 2006: pp. 579-582
We propose a self-consistent many body theory for the standard basis operator Green 's functicms and obtain an exact Lyson type matriz equation for the interacting mcmy levei systems. A zeroth order crpproximation, which neglects ali the damping effects, is investigated in detail for the anisotropic Heisenberg model, the isotropic quadvopolar system and the Hubbard model. In case of the anisotropic Heisenberg ferromagnet with both exchange and single -ion anisotropy the low-temperature renomnalization of the apin-waves for the uniaxial ordering agrees with the Bloch-Dyson theory. For the spin -1 easy plane ferromagnet, the criticai parameters for the phase transition at zero temperature are determined and compared with other theories. The elementary excitation spectrum of the spin -1 isotropic quadrupolar system is calculated and compared with the random phase approximation and Callen's like deccupling schemes. Finally, the theory is applied to the studW of the single -particle excitation spectrum of the Hubbard model.
A new many-body theory perturbationally consistent to all orders of the perturbation is presented and applied to the Hubbard problem as an example. Use is made of the recent Kim and Wilson commutator projection operator to derive the Dyson equation for the one-particle Green's function and an exact set of coupled differential equations for the damping or self-energy term which are solved self-consistently. The Hubbard III result follows in our first approximation and the Esterling-Lange (EL)-type result in the second. Since we keep the hopping finite throughout the calculation, no degeneracy problem is encountered as in EL.
We study the dynamical magnetic susceptibility of a strongly correlated electronic system in the presence of a time-dependent hopping field, deriving a generalized Bethe-Salpeter equation that is valid also out of equilibrium. Focusing on the single-orbital Hubbard model within the time-dependent Hartree-Fock approximation, we solve the equation in the nonequilibrium adiabatic regime, obtaining a closed expression for the transverse magnetic susceptibility. From this, we provide a rigorous definition of nonequilibrium (time-dependent) magnon frequencies and exchange parameters, expressed in terms of nonequilibrium single-electron Green's functions and self-energies. In the particular case of equilibrium, we recover previously known results.
On the basis of a regular perturbation theory in the form of diagrammatic technique with X-operators, a ferromagnetic state in the Hubbard model with infinite on-site Coulomb interaction U is studied for a wide range of electron concentration n. Treating the kinetic energy of electrons as perturbation, we get the exact graphic representations for three Green’s functions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for electrons with spin ↑ and ↓ (spontaneous magnetic moment is in ↑ direction) and [Formula: see text] for spin waves. All of them are expressed through the unique system of four-point and three-point vertex parts for effective electron-magnon and electron-electron interactions. These vertex parts are calculated in two approximations: a low-density approximation for n≪1 or nh=1–n≫1, and the generalized random-phase approximation (GRPA), which was suggested earlier by us for the description of paramagnetic phase in this model. An important result in both cases is the understanding of essential difference of electron states with spin ↑ and ↓. The state for ↑ has coherent character in all region of electron concentration (n>nc) where a ferromagnetic state exists, while the state for spin ↓ has mixed characters including both coherent and incoherent contribution. For the saturated ferromagnetism (n>ns) when nh≪1, [Formula: see text] is an entirely incoherent (nonquasiparticle) state. Appearance of incoherent state is probably a general property of strongly correlated systems distinguishing its behavior from the Fermi liquid. We show also that the Hubbard-I approximation has no region of applicability for the electron with spin ↓ in a ferromagnet and we found a new factor describing the correlation-narrowing of ↓ spin electron band. Green’s function [Formula: see text] calculated in two different limits n≪1 and nh≪1, are jointed together to allow us to calculate ns which lies in the intermediate concentration regime. For simple cubic lattice we found ns=0.87. In the limit nh≪1 our results reduce to the earlier known ones, including Nagaoka’s result for the spin wave energy. We point out the way to construct a rigorous theory for ferromagnetic state in the intermediate range of electron concentration. In the conclusion several important problems are discussed in connection to the continuation of the present work.