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Optics Communications

Probing the dressed states of an atom interacting with a quantized field

G. S. Agarwal, R. Bullough, N. Nayak

Published Sep 1, 1991• 29 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0030-4018(91)90395-t

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Dressed-state mixed-parity transitions for realizing negative refractive index

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The dressed states that are linear combinations of two bare levels of an atom (e.g., an alkali-metal atom) can be realized by a strong-coupling laser beam. As the dressed states have mixed parities, both electric- and magnetic-dipole-allowed transitions can occur between the dressed states and a third level with a definite (pure) parity. It is shown that such dressed-state mixed-parity transitions in an atomic vapor (the concept also applies in the solid state) can give rise to a negative refractive index. The produced negative refractive index is isotropic with atomic-scale microscopic structure units, and the negative real part can emerge in the optical frequency band. Also examined is the case of a fully quantized probe photonic field which interrogates the bottom dressed state and the third-level state. Similarities between the semiclassical approach for the weaker probe field and its fully quantum mechanical second-quantization treatment are discussed in regard to the off-diagonal density matrix element for the reduced $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$ manifold, and its implications for the refractive index.

Physical Review A•Feb 17, 2009•43 citations
A theory of resonance fluorescence in a monochromatic field and pump-probe spectroscopy is developed using semiclassical dressed states. The semiclassical dressed states are obtained via a rotation from the time-dependent state vectors in a field-interaction representation. Although the semiclassical dressed states are not stationary states as are the dressed states in a quantized-field formulation, they still offer all the conceptual advantages of a dressed-atom approach. Moreover, the line-shape formulas can be obtained directly from physically intuitive equations, without having to invoke the quantum regression theorem and without having to worry about cascades and coherences in the ladder of quantized dressed states. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
We consider a two-level atom interacting simultaneously with a classically described cw laser field and a quantized cavity field. The classical field is assumed strong, and the cavity field is regarded as a quantum probe of its dressed states. The two fields have different frequencies and amplitudes, but we show that an effective time-independent Hamiltonian can be obtained via two rotating-frame transformations. There is a different effective Hamiltonian in each of an infinite sequence of ``probe resonance zones'' associated with the subharmonic Rabi sidebands of the dressed states. In the mth zone, the Hamiltonian has the same form as the m-photon Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian. We consider both time-dependent and time-averaged atomic response and make comparisons with recent findings in the case that both fields are fully classical.
The dressed states that are linear combinations of two bare levels of an atom (e.g., an alkali-metal atom) can be realized by a strong-coupling laser beam. As the dressed states have mixed parities, both electric- and magnetic-dipole-allowed transitions can occur between the dressed states and a third level with a definite (pure) parity. It is shown that such dressed-state mixed-parity transitions in an atomic vapor (the concept also applies in the solid state) can give rise to a negative refractive index. The produced negative refractive index is isotropic with atomic-scale microscopic structure units, and the negative real part can emerge in the optical frequency band. Also examined is the case of a fully quantized probe photonic field which interrogates the bottom dressed state and the third-level state. Similarities between the semiclassical approach for the weaker probe field and its fully quantum mechanical second-quantization treatment are discussed in regard to the off-diagonal density matrix element for the reduced $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$ manifold, and its implications for the refractive index.