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New Journal of Physics

Transient evolutional behaviours of double-control electromagnetically induced transparency

Jian Qi Shen

Published Oct 18, 2007• 27 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The evolutional optical behaviours (turn-on dynamics) of a four-level double-control tripod-configuration (electromagnetically induced transparency) system are considered based on the transient solution to the equation of motion of the probability amplitudes of the atomic levels. As the most remarkable property (quantum interference between the two control transitions) will arise in the present tripod-configuration system, the transient evolution of the permittivity in cases of both destructive and constructive quantum interferences is presented. It can be shown that the four-level double-control vapour can become a destructive-interference medium, (exhibiting a two-level resonant absorption) and a constructive-interference medium, (exhibiting transparency to the probe field), respectively, under certain conditions (related to the ratio of the two control field intensities). The present double-control scenario can be applicable to designs of some new photonic and quantum optical devices such as logic and functional devices (logic gate circuits) and the key component of the technology of quantum coherent information storage.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/9/10/374

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The evolutional optical behaviours (turn-on dynamics) of a four-level double-control tripod-configuration (electromagnetically induced transparency) system are considered based on the transient solution to the equation of motion of the probability amplitudes of the atomic levels. As the most remarkable property (quantum interference between the two control transitions) will arise in the present tripod-configuration system, the transient evolution of the permittivity in cases of both destructive and constructive quantum interferences is presented. It can be shown that the four-level double-control vapour can become a destructive-interference medium, (exhibiting a two-level resonant absorption) and a constructive-interference medium, (exhibiting transparency to the probe field), respectively, under certain conditions (related to the ratio of the two control field intensities). The present double-control scenario can be applicable to designs of some new photonic and quantum optical devices such as logic and functional devices (logic gate circuits) and the key component of the technology of quantum coherent information storage.
The evolutional optical behaviours (turn-on dynamics) of a four-level N-configuration atomic system are considered based on the transient solution to the equations of motion of atomic probability amplitudes. It is shown that the quantum interference between the signal and control fields can lead to the controllable absorption and transparency properties of the atomic vapour. One of the most remarkable properties of the present scheme is that the absorption (or transmittance) of the probe light in the atomic vapour depends on the intensity ratio of the signal field to the control field, and thus the tunable optical features (transparency or opaqueness to the probe light) can be realized by tuning the quantum interferences between the signal and control fields. The present mechanism can be applicable to designs of some new photonic and quantum optical devices such as logic and functional devices as well as optical switches. Two typical photonic logic gates (NOT and NOR gates) designed based on the tunable four-level optical responses are presented as illustrative examples.
A tripod-configuration four-level atomic system can exhibit nontrivial quantum destructive and constructive interference that could manipulate the optical response of an atomic vapour. It is shown that the tunable double-control electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) would be controlled via the quantum interference between two control fields interacting with the present atomic system. If a metallic waveguide is filled with such a double-control four-level atomic vapour, the quantum vacuum mode structure in the present EIT waveguide would have a novel influence on the atomic spontaneous emission decay (and hence on the EIT optical behavior). As the waveguide dimension change (i.e., the change in length scale of cross section of waveguide) can vary the vacuum mode structure, which can lead to spontaneous emission enhancement or inhibition, the optical response (including absorption and transparency induced by the tunable double-control quantum destructive and constructive interference) of the atomic vapour in the waveguide is quite sensitive to small change in the waveguide dimension caused by external environmental factors (such as electric signal voltage, environmental temperature change and acoustic pressure). The sensitive optical response based on the mechanisms of both double-control quantum interference and quantum-vacuum manipulation presented here may have some potential applications to the technique for designing new photonic and quantum optical devices.
A new scheme is suggested to manipulate the probe transitions (and hence the optical properties of atomic vapors) via double-control destructive and constructive quantum interferences. The influence of phase coherence between the two control transitions on the probe transition is also studied. The most remarkable feature of the present scheme is that the optical properties (absorption, transparency and dispersion) of an atomic system can be manipulated using this double-control multi-pathway interferences (multiple routes to excitation). It is also shown that a four-level system will exhibit a two-level resonant absorption because the two control levels (driven by the two control fields) form a dark state (and hence a destructive quantum interference occurs between the two control transitions). However, the present four-level system will exhibit electromagnetically induced transparency to the probe field when the three lower levels (including the probe level and the two control levels) form a three-level dark state. The present scenario has potential applications in new devices (e.g. logic gates and sensitive optical switches) and new techniques (e.g. quantum coherent information storage).
The author of this thesis concentrates his attention on quantum optical properties of some artificial electromagnetic media, such as quantum coherent atomic vapors (various multilevel electromagnetically induced transparency vapors) and negative refractive index materials, and suggests some possible ways to manipulate wave propagations inside the artificial electromagnetic materials based on quantum coherence and quantum vacuum effects. In Chapters 1 and 2, the author reviews the previous papers on quantum coherence as well as the relevant work such as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), atomic population trapping and their various applications. The basic concepts of quantum coherence (atomic phase coherence, quantum interferences within atomic energy levels) and quantum vacuum are introduced, and the theoretical formulations for treating wave propagations in quantum coherent media are presented. In Chapter 3, the author considers three topics on the manipulation of light propagations via quantum coherence and quantum interferences: i) the evolutional optical behaviors (turn-on dynamics) of a four-level N-configuration atomic system is studied and the tunable optical behavior that depends on the intensity ratio of the signal field to the control field is considered. Some typical photonic logic gates (e.g. NOT and NOR gates) are designed based on the tunable four-level optical responses of the N-configuration atomic system; ii) the destructive and constructive quantum interferences between two control transitions (driven by the control fields) in a tripod-type four-level system is suggested. The double-control quantum interferences can be utilized to realize some photonic devices such as the logic-gate devices, e.g., NOT, OR, NOR and EXNOR gates; iii) some new quantum coherent schemes (using EIT and dressed-state mixed-parity transitions) for realizing negative refractive indices are proposed. The most remarkable characteristic (and advantage) of the present scenarios is such that the isotropic left-handed media (with microscopic structure units at the atomic level) in the optical frequency band can be achieved. Quantum vacuum (the ground state of quantized fields) can exhibit many interesting effects. In Chapter 4, we investigate two quantum-vacuum effects in artificial materials: i) the anisotropic distribution of quantum-vacuum momentum density in a moving electromagnetic medium; ii) the angular momentum transfer between quantum vacuum and anisotropic medium. Such quantum-vacuum macroscopic mechanical effects could be detected by current technology, e.g., the so-called fiber optical sensor that can measure motion with nanoscale sensitivity. We expect that these vacuum effects could be utilized to develop sensitive sensor techniques or to design new quantum optical and photonic devices.In Chapter 5, the author suggests some interesting effects due to the combination of quantum coherence and quantum vacuum, i.e., the quantum coherent effects, in which the quantum-vacuum fluctuation field is involved. Two topics are addressed: i) spontaneous emission inhibition due to quantum interference in a three-level system; ii) quantum light-induced guiding potentials for coherent manipulation of atomic matter waves (containing multilevel atoms). These quantum guiding potentials could be utilized to cool and trap atoms, and may be used for the development of new techniques of atom fibers and atom chips, where the coherent manipulation of atomic matter waves is needed.In Chapter 6, we conclude this thesis with some remarks, briefly discuss new work that deserves further consideration in the future, and present a guide to the previously published papers by us.
We present a theoretical investigation on the quantum memory of photonic polarization qubits via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The system we consider is a tripod-shaped four-level atomic system working under the condition of a double EIT, by which the storage and retrieval of a single-photon polarization qubit are implemented through the switching off and on of a control laser field, and the storage efficiency and the quantum-state fidelity for qubit memory are both calculated. We show that the optimal optical depth for acquiring the maximum efficiency and maximum fidelity of the qubit memory can be obtained simultaneously, which can be further improved by suppressing the optical absorption and dispersion via the choice of the time duration of the input qubit pulse and the amplitude of the control field. We also carry out a calculation on the quantum memory of a single-photon qudit by considering a multipod-shaped atomic-level configuration. The results reported here are useful for understanding the quantum transmission property of slow lights with multiple components and helpful for experimental realizations of high-quality memory of photonic qubits and qudits.
We have studied nonlinear quantum optical effects in a doubly driven four-level atomic system in a homogeneously broadened regime. On application of two strong fields the system can be made to display double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) because of constructive quantum interference giving rise to nonlinear absorption at three-photon resonance condition. This fact may be used to obtain other phenomena like the effect of photon switching in a pulsed regime and large cross phase modulation (XPM) effect. We also show that the behaviour of spatial modulation of transparency of the weak probe beam in a three-level system interacted with a strong standing wave pump field can be dramatically changed in our four-level ladder type system. Here, strong coupling field acting on the uppermost transition is represented by a standing wave whereas strong pump and weak probe fields acting successively on the lower transitions are represented by travelling waves. The effect of double EIT on nonlinear light generation based on the four-wave-mixing (FWM) technique is also investigated. We have examined that the four wave mixing efficiency can be effectively controlled by varying the strength of the pump field.