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Physics Essays

Hidden statistics of Schrödinger equation.

Michail A. Zak

Published May 18, 2009• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Work was carried out in determination of the mathematical origin of randomness in quantum mechanics and creating a hidden statistics of Schr dinger equation; i.e., to expose the transitional stochastic process as a bridge to the quantum world. The governing equations of hidden statistics would preserve such properties of quantum physics as superposition, entanglement, and direct-product decomposability while allowing one to measure its state variables using classical methods.

DOI
10.4006/1.3123664

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arXiv:2108.06198•Jul 2, 2021•1 citation
Work was carried out in determination of the mathematical origin of randomness in quantum mechanics and creating a hidden statistics of Schr dinger equation; i.e., to expose the transitional stochastic process as a bridge to the quantum world. The governing equations of hidden statistics would preserve such properties of quantum physics as superposition, entanglement, and direct-product decomposability while allowing one to measure its state variables using classical methods.
Two unsolved problems in quantum mechanics are addressed: a source of randomness and an origin of entanglement. These problems being hidden in the Schrodinger equations became transparent in its Madelung version. Special attention is concentrated on equivalence between the Schrodinger and the Madelung equations. It has been demonstrated that randomness in quantum mechanics has the same mathematical source as that in turbulence and chaos, and the origin of entanglement is the global constraint imposed by the normalization constraint of the probability density that becomes an additional variable in the Madelung version of the Schrodinger equation.
Recent advances in quantum information theory have inspired an explosion of interest in new quantum algorithms for solving hard computational (quantum and non-quantum) problems. The basic principle of quantum computation is that the quantum properties can be used to represent structure data, and that quantum mechanisms can be devised and built to perform operations with this data. Three basic non-classical properties of quantum mechanics superposition, entanglement, and direct-product decomposability were main reasons for optimism about capabilities of quantum computers that promised simultaneous processing of large massifs of highly correlated data. Unfortunately, these advantages of quantum mechanics came with a high price. One major problem is keeping the components of the computer in a coherent state, as the slightest interaction with the external world would cause the system to decohere. That is why the hardware implementation of a quantum computer is still unsolved. The basic idea of this work is to create a new kind of dynamical system that would preserve the main three properties of quantum physics superposition, entanglement, and direct-product decomposability while allowing one to measure its state variables using classical methods. In other words, such a system would reinforce the advantages and minimize limitations of both quantum and classical aspects. Based upon a concept of hidden statistics, a new kind of dynamical system for simulation of Schroedinger equation is proposed. The system represents a modified Madelung version of Schroedinger equation. It preserves superposition, entanglement, and direct-product decomposability while allowing one to measure its state variables using classical methods. Such an optimal combination of characteristics is a perfect match for simulating quantum systems. The model includes a transitional component of quantum potential (that has been overlooked in previous treatment of the Madelung equation). The role of the transitional potential is to provide a jump from a deterministic state to a random state with prescribed probability density. This jump is triggered by blowup instability due to violation of Lipschitz condition generated by the quantum potential. As a result, the dynamics attains quantum properties on a classical scale. The model can be implemented physically as an analog VLSI-based (very-large-scale integration-based) computer, or numerically on a digital computer. This work opens a way of developing fundamentally new algorithms for quantum simulations of exponentially complex problems that expand NASA capabilities in conducting space activities. It has been illustrated that the complexity of simulations of particle interaction can be reduced from an exponential one to a polynomial one.
The time-dependent Schrödinger equation is a cornerstone of quantum physics and governs all phenomena of the microscopic world. However, despite its importance, its origin is still not widely appreciated and properly understood. We obtain the Schrödinger equation from a mathematical identity by a slight generalization of the formulation of classical statistical mechanics based on the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. This approach brings out most clearly the fact that the linearity of quantum mechanics is intimately connected to the strong coupling between the amplitude and phase of a quantum wave.
In this paper we explore the mathematical and epistemological connections between the stochastic derivation of the Schr\"odinger equation and the one proposed by ourselves in previous papers. It will be shown that these connections are accomplished by means of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, to which we may unambiguously relate the symbols and physical references of both approaches. As a by-product of our investigation, it will be possible to interpret the time-energy dispersion relation on sounder grounds. It will also be possible to discuss the superposition principle and to interpret it on a quite simple basis. The origin of the stochasticity and its relation to stability will be also addressed and the bridge to an axiomatic formulation of stochastic electrodynamics will be constructed.
We propose that the Schrodinger equation results from applying the classical wave equation to describe the physical system in which subatomic particles play random motion, thereby leading to quantum mechanics. The physical reality described by the wave function is subatomic particle moving randomly. Therefore, the characteristics of quantum mechanics have a dual nature, one of them is the deterministic nature carried on from classical physics, and the other is the probabilistic nature coined by particle's random motion. Based on this model, almost all of open questions in quantum mechanics can be explained consistently, which include the particle-wave duality, the principle of quantum superposition, the interference pattern of double-slit experiments, and the boundary between the classical world and the quantum world. The current quantum mechanics is a mixture of matrix mechanics and wave mechanics, which are sharply conflicting in principle. Matrix mechanics treats quantum particles as classical particles with fixed relation between the particle's position and its momentum. The matrix mechanics, in fact, belongs to the old quantum theory. Both Born's non-commutative relation and Heisenberg uncertainty relation originate from matrix mechanics. However, in wave mechanics, there is no any fixed relation between the particle's position and its momentum, and the particle's position and its momentum belong to immeasurable physical quantities. Therefore, there is no need for non-commutative relation and uncertainty relation in wave mechanics.