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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Solvable quantum mechanical model in two-dimensional space

E. de Prunelé

Published Sep 19, 2006• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A one-particle non-relativistic quantum mechanical solvable model in two-dimensional space is given. The Hamiltonian is the sum of kinetic and interaction parts. Interactions are separable and can be centred at n arbitrary points of the plane. Conditions for the existence and for the number of bound states in finite linear chains are formulated in terms of the parameters of the interactions and intercentre distances. Scattering problems are also considered. Finally, when the interactions are centred in a single centre, it is shown that the model remains solvable in the presence of a uniform magnetic field of arbitrary intensity.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/39/40/013

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Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A Mathematical and Physical Sciences•Sep 7, 1949•2 citations
A one-particle non-relativistic quantum mechanical solvable model in two-dimensional space is given. The Hamiltonian is the sum of kinetic and interaction parts. Interactions are separable and can be centred at n arbitrary points of the plane. Conditions for the existence and for the number of bound states in finite linear chains are formulated in terms of the parameters of the interactions and intercentre distances. Scattering problems are also considered. Finally, when the interactions are centred in a single centre, it is shown that the model remains solvable in the presence of a uniform magnetic field of arbitrary intensity.
A many-boson model is formulated and expressions for its exact eigenstates and energies are obtained for both an arbitrary finite and an infinite number of bosons. The Hamiltonian of the model contains interactions between bosons whose momenta have equal magnitudes but opposite directions. The matrix elements of this interaction are taken to be a constant over a range of momenta surrounding k = 0. The ground state of the 2N-particle system is shown to be a product of N pair-creation operators acting on the vacuum state. Each of these pair-creation operators depends upon one of N parameters which are called pair energies. The N pair energies are shown to satisfy a coupled system of nonlinear algebraic equations. The energy of the state is the sum of the pair energies and the occupation probabilities of the single-particle levels are given as simple functions of the pair energies. Similar results are derived for the excited states of the system and for the states of an odd number of particles. These results are valid for both a repulsive and an attractive interaction, since they only depend upon the form of the interaction. The equations are solved algebraically for two model systems. The first of these is one whose single-particle kinetic energy takes on only one value. The equations for this system are solved for an arbitrary interaction strength and it is shown that the pair energies are proportional to the zeros of certain Laguerre polynomials. The second system is one in which the single-particle kinetic energy can take on two values. The equations for this system are solved in the strong repulsive-interaction limit and it is shown that the pair energies are proportional to the zeros of certain Jacobi polynomials. The excitation energies of this second system are shown to be proportional to 1/n and the occupations of the two single-particle levels in the ground state are shown to be proportional to n, where n is the total number of particles. For a repulsive interaction and an arbitrary single-particle spectrum, the algebraic equations for the pair energies are converted into an approximate integral equation for the density of roots which is accurate to order 1/n. This integral equation is solved for a strong interaction which, in the context of this model, means an interaction whose strength is greater than a constant times 1/V⅔ in the limit of a large volume. From this solution, the following results are obtained: (1) the lowest two single-particle levels have occupations of order n; (2) the excitation spectrum is that of a set of noninteracting quasiparticles; and (3) the quasiparticle spectrum has two zeros corresponding to the lowest two single-particle levels. Apart from the presence of two zeros, the quasiparticle spectrum does not differ significantly from that of the noninteracting particles.
In this article we review recent developments in the one-dimensional Bethe ansatz solvable multi-chain quantum models. The algebraic version of the Bethe ansatz (the quantum inverse scattering method) permits us to construct new families of integrable Hamiltonians using simple generalizations of the well known constructions of the single-chain model. First we consider the easiest example (`basic' model) of this class of models: the antiferromagnetic two-chain spin-1/2 model with the nearest-neighbour and next-nearest-neighbour spin-frustrating interactions (zigzag chain). We show how the algebra of the quantum inverse scattering method works for this model, and what are the important features of the Hamiltonian (which reveal the topological properties of two dimensions together with the one-dimensional properties). We consider the solution of the Bethe ansatz for the ground state (in particular, commensurate-incommensurate quantum phase transitions present due to competing spin-frustrating interactions are discussed) and construct the thermal Bethe ansatz (in the form of the `quantum transfer matrix') for this model. Then possible generalizations of the basic model are considered: an inclusion of a magnetic anisotropy, higher-spin representations (including the important case of a quantum ferrimagnet), the multi-chain case, internal degrees of freedom of particles at each site, etc. We observe the similarities and differences between this class of models and related exactly solvable models: other groups of multi-chain lattice models, quantum field theory models and magnetic impurity (Kondo-like) models. Finally, the behaviour of non-integrable (less constrained) multi-chain quantum models is discussed.
Abstract When creation and annihilation of particles is forbidden, the general features of a manyparticle collision are illustrated by a scattering system containing two particles and a fixed scattering centre. The term in the wave function, which is called by Moller the ‘outgoing’ part, is shown to contain a term representing a totally outgoing wave, but also terms describing the interference effects between the incident wave of one particle and the outgoing wave of the other. Corresponding to the latter terms, there exist singular eigenstates of the S matrix which are simultaneous eigenstates of the separate kinetic energies of the particles. The remaining eigenstates are called non-singular, and for these only the sum of the kinetic energies can be given a definite value. Analytic continuation of the non-singular eigenstates in the complex plane of total kinetic energy shows that the corresponding eigenvalues of S can be used to determine the energy levels of states with both particles bound to the centre of force. The eigenvalues for the singular eigenstates will lead to the bound energy of a single particle in the scattering field of the other. The formalism is extended to include singular eigenstates which describe the scattering of one particle on a compound centre made up of the other particle bound to the scatterer.