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Physical Review A

Decoherence as phase diffusion

P. Milman, Yvan Castin, L. Davidovich

Published May 8, 2000• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show that the decoherence of a superposition of two coherent states of the electromagnetic field in a cavity may be interpreted as a phase-diffusion process.Received 5 October 1999DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.61.063803©2000 American Physical Society

DOI
10.1103/physreva.61.063803

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We show that the decoherence of a superposition of two coherent states of the electromagnetic field in a cavity may be interpreted as a phase-diffusion process.Received 5 October 1999DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.61.063803©2000 American Physical Society
Decoherence is a relatively recent concept in the field of quantum mechanics. Although the pioneers of the field must have understood that loss of phase coherence in quantum superpositions is the reason underlying the appearance of definite outcomes in the quantum measurement problem, the latter was not treated in terms of decoherence until sixty years after the formulation of quantum mechanics as described in a report by Joos and Zeh in 1983 [1]. However, soon after, the theory was developed in further detail, and experiments to measure the actual decoherence rates in various systems commenced. Today, decoherence is the main concern for another reason, i.e., the fact that superposition states must be maintained undisturbed in the quantum communication systems and decoherence presents a strong limitation for their practical application. Decoherence appears in open quantum systems, where the basic system under consideration interacts relatively strongly with an environment. Decoherence times may be as long as seconds for small atomic systems in extreme vacua, although below what is presently measurable (i.e., less than a fraction of a femtosecond) in most liquids and solids, where coupling to the surrounding molecules or atomic arrangements is strong. The relatively slow decoherence in well-isolated particle systems has been described in several recent articles on quantum optics, while the rapid decoherence in liquids and solids has not received this kind of attention. It is the purpose of the present review to fill this gap.