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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical

A resummation formula for collapse and revival in the Jaynes–Cummings model

Anatolii Alekseevich Karatsuba, Ekatherina Anatol'evna Karatsuba

Published Apr 27, 2009• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a new approach to the study of the function of atomic inversion in the model of interaction of a single two-level atom with a single mode of the quantized electromagnetic field in the coherent state in an ideal resonator. The approach suggested is based on an application of certain number-theoretic results to the approximation of the trigonometric sums of a special form, in particular of the functional equation of the Jacobi theta function. New asymptotic formulae for the atomic inversion are found. The asymptotics that we obtain make it possible to predetermine the details of the behavior of the inversion on various time intervals depending on the parameters of the system.

DOI
10.1088/1751-8113/42/19/195304

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An asymptotic result is derived for the Jaynes-Cummings model of a two-level atom interacting with a quantized single-mode field, which is valid when the field is initially in a coherent state with a large average photon number. It is shown that for certain initial atomic states the joint atom-field wave function factors into an atomic and a field part throughout the interaction, so that each system remains separately in a pure state. The atomic part of the wave function displays a crossing of trajectories in the atom Hilbert space that leads to a unique state for the atom, independent of its initial state, at a specific time ${\mathit{t}}_{0}$ (equal to half the revival time). The field part of the wave function resembles a crescent squeezed state. The well-known collapses and revivals are investigated from this perspective. The collapse appears to be associated with a ``measurement'' of the initial state of the atom with the field as the measuring apparatus. The measurement is not complete for finite average photon number: the system is instead left in a coherent superposition of macroscopically distinct states. At the half-revival time ${\mathit{t}}_{0}$ this superposition of states is entirely in the field part of the state vector, so that the (pure) state of the field at that time is of the form sometimes referred to as a ``Schr\"odinger cat.'' The revivals of the population inversion are seen to be entirely due to the fact that the linear superposition of the two macroscopically distinct field states is coherent (i.e., a pure state), as opposed to an incoherent mixture.

Physical Review A•Nov 1, 1991•326 citations
We present a new approach to the study of the function of atomic inversion in the model of interaction of a single two-level atom with a single mode of the quantized electromagnetic field in the coherent state in an ideal resonator. The approach suggested is based on an application of certain number-theoretic results to the approximation of the trigonometric sums of a special form, in particular of the functional equation of the Jacobi theta function. New asymptotic formulae for the atomic inversion are found. The asymptotics that we obtain make it possible to predetermine the details of the behavior of the inversion on various time intervals depending on the parameters of the system.
A new method is devised to study the atomic inversion in the model of a two-level atom interacting with a single quantized mode of the (initially coherent) electromagnetic field in an ideal resonant cavity. The method is based on number-theoretic results applied to the approximation of special series, specifically, on the functional equation for Jacobi theta functions and the ATS theorem. New asymptotic formulas are derived, with the help of which the behavior of the atomic inversion function on various time intervals can be determined in detail depending on the parameters of the system.
The problem of the interaction of a single two-level atom with a single mode of the quantized electromagnetic field in a coherent state in an ideal resonator in the resonance case is considered. The evolution in time of the atomic inversion, represented by the Jaynes-Cummings sum, is studied. On the basis of the application of the theorem on the approximation of a trigonometric sum by a shorter one (ATS), a new efficient method for approximating the Jaynes-Cummings sum is constructed. New asymptotic formulas for the atomic inversion are found, which approximate it on various time intervals, defined by relation between the atom-field coupling constant and the average photon number in the resonator field before the interaction of the field with the atom. The asymptotics that we obtain give the possibility to predetermine the details of the process of the inversion in the Jaynes-Cummings model depending on the field characteristics.
In this paper, we give an analytical treatment to study the behavior of the collapse and the revival of the Rabi oscillations in the Jaynes–Cummings model (JCM). The JCM is an exactly soluble quantum mechanical model, which describes the interaction between a two-level atom and a single cavity mode of the electromagnetic field. If we prepare the atom in the ground state and the cavity mode in a coherent state initially, the JCM causes the collapse and the revival of the Rabi oscillations many times in a complicated pattern in its time-evolution. In this phenomenon, the atomic population inversion is described with an intractable infinite series. (When the electromagnetic field is resonant with the atom, the nth term of this infinite series is given by a trigonometric function for [Formula: see text], where t is a variable of the time.) According to Klimov and Chumakov's method, using the Abel–Plana formula, we rewrite this infinite series as a sum of two integrals. We examine the physical meanings of these two integrals and find that the first one represents the initial collapse (the semi-classical limit) and the second one represents the revival (the quantum correction) in the JCM. Furthermore, we evaluate the first- and second-order perturbations for the time-evolution of the JCM with an initial thermal coherent state for the cavity mode at low temperature, and write down their correction terms as sums of integrals by making use of the Abel–Plana formula.
We study the Jaynes-Cummings model (JCM) which describes the interaction between a two-level atom and a single-mode resonant or quasi-resonant electromagnetic field in the non-dissipative and issipative cases. In particular, we study the atomic population inversion whose behavior presents some aspects of purely quantum origin: collapse and revivals. This observables expectation value can be btained analytically without use of approximations for the non-dissipative case and using first-order perturbation in the dissipative case. We make use of the sum of Poisson and the steepest descents method to obtain analytical formulas for the collapse and for each revival. In this way, we can obtain relevant information like the occurrence time, the maximum amplitude, the approximate frequency, and width. The dissipative JCM models the action of the environment on the quantum system. We show that the characteristic time of the revival diminishes as the interaction with the environment enlarges. We consider the limit in which it becomes experimentally impossible to distinguish the obtained curve from the classical one.
In this paper, we give an analytical treatment to study the behavior of the collapse and the revival of the Rabi oscillations in the Jaynes–Cummings model (JCM). The JCM is an exactly soluble quantum mechanical model, which describes the interaction between a two-level atom and a single cavity mode of the electromagnetic field. If we prepare the atom in the ground state and the cavity mode in a coherent state initially, the JCM causes the collapse and the revival of the Rabi oscillations many times in a complicated pattern in its time-evolution. In this phenomenon, the atomic population inversion is described with an intractable infinite series. (When the electromagnetic field is resonant with the atom, the nth term of this infinite series is given by a trigonometric function for sqrtnt\\sqrt{n} tsqrtnt, where t is a variable of the time.) According to Klimov and Chumakov's method, using the Abel–Plana formula, we rewrite this infinite series as a sum of two integrals. We examine the physical meanings of these two integrals and find that the first one represents the initial collapse (the semi-classical limit) and the second one represents the revival (the quantum correction) in the JCM. Furthermore, we evaluate the first- and second-order perturbations for the time-evolution of the JCM with an initial thermal coherent state for the cavity mode at low temperature, and write down their correction terms as sums of integrals by making use of the Abel–Plana formula.
An asymptotic result is derived for the Jaynes-Cummings model of a two-level atom interacting with a quantized single-mode field, which is valid when the field is initially in a coherent state with a large average photon number. It is shown that for certain initial atomic states the joint atom-field wave function factors into an atomic and a field part throughout the interaction, so that each system remains separately in a pure state. The atomic part of the wave function displays a crossing of trajectories in the atom Hilbert space that leads to a unique state for the atom, independent of its initial state, at a specific time t0{\mathit{t}}_{0}t0​ (equal to half the revival time). The field part of the wave function resembles a crescent squeezed state. The well-known collapses and revivals are investigated from this perspective. The collapse appears to be associated with a ``measurement'' of the initial state of the atom with the field as the measuring apparatus. The measurement is not complete for finite average photon number: the system is instead left in a coherent superposition of macroscopically distinct states. At the half-revival time t0{\mathit{t}}_{0}t0​ this superposition of states is entirely in the field part of the state vector, so that the (pure) state of the field at that time is of the form sometimes referred to as a ``Schr\"odinger cat.'' The revivals of the population inversion are seen to be entirely due to the fact that the linear superposition of the two macroscopically distinct field states is coherent (i.e., a pure state), as opposed to an incoherent mixture.