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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Evolution of a quantum system with supersymmetry broken by an additional potential

K M Cheng, P. C. W. Fung

Published Nov 7, 1990• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The authors discuss the time evolution of a one-dimensional supersymmetric quantum mechanical system, in which the supersymmetry is broken by an additional potential. The potentials under consideration belong to a special class and can be in general time dependent. They analyse the special case of time-independent potentials and have used the Jaynes-Cummings model in (1963) quantum optics as a simple example in their analysis. For the time dependent potentials, they use the basic evolution operator technique developed by C M Cheng and P C W Fung and present a way in which to treat such problems.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/23/21/025

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The authors discuss the time evolution of a one-dimensional supersymmetric quantum mechanical system, in which the supersymmetry is broken by an additional potential. The potentials under consideration belong to a special class and can be in general time dependent. They analyse the special case of time-independent potentials and have used the Jaynes-Cummings model in (1963) quantum optics as a simple example in their analysis. For the time dependent potentials, they use the basic evolution operator technique developed by C M Cheng and P C W Fung and present a way in which to treat such problems.
The present paper obtains the exact solutions to the time-dependent supersymmetric two-level multiphoton Jaynes-Cummings model and the Chiao-Wu model that describes the propagation of a photon inside an optical fiber. On the basis of the fact that the two-level multiphoton Jaynes-Cummings model possesses a supersymmetric structure, an invariant is constructed in terms of the supersymmetric generators by working in the sub-Hilbert-space corresponding to a particular eigenvalue of the conserved supersymmetric generators (i.e., the time-independent invariant). By constructing the effective Hamiltonian that describes the interaction of the photon with the medium of the optical fiber, it is further verified that the particular solution to the Schrödinger equation is the eigenfunction of the second-quantized momentum operator of photons field. This, therefore, means that the explicit expression (rather than the hidden form that involves the chronological product) for the time-evolution operator of wave function is obtained by means of the invariant theories.
We analyse transition potentials, i.e. potentials exhibiting limiting inverse-square behaviour V(r) to r approximately 0 alpha r -2 in non-relativistic quantum mechanics using the techniques of supersymmetry. For the range - 1/4 <or= alpha < 3/4 , the eigenvalue problem becomes ill defined (since it is not possible to choose a unique eigenfunction based on square integrability and boundary conditions). It is shown that supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSYQM) provides a natural prescription for a unique determination of the spectrum. Interestingly, our SUSYQM-based approach picks out the same 'less singular' wavefunctions as the conventional approach and thus provides a simple justification for the usual practice in the literature. Two examples (the Poschl-Teller II potential and a two-anyon system on the plane) have been worked out for illustrative purposes.
The harmonic oscillator is a quantum mechanical system that represents one of the most basic potentials. In order to understand the behavior of a particle within this system, the time-independent Schrödinger equation was solved; in other words, its eigenfunctions and eigenvalues were found. The first goal of this study was to construct a family of single parameter potentials and corresponding eigenfunctions with a spectrum similar to that of the harmonic oscillator. This task was achieved by means of supersymmetric quantum mechanics, which utilizes an intertwining operator that relates a known Hamiltonian with another whose potential is to be built. Secondly, a generalization of the technique was used to work with the time-dependent Schrödinger equation to construct new potentials and corresponding solutions.
In this work we present an introduction to Supersymmetry in the context of 1-dimensional Quantum Mechanics. For that purpose we develop the concept of hamiltonians factorization using the simple harmonic oscillator as an example, we introduce the supersymmetric oscilator and, next, we generalize these concepts to introduce the fundamentals of Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics. We also discuss useful tools to solve problems in Quantum Mechanics which are intrinsecally related to Supersymmetry as hierarchy of hamiltonians and shape invariance. We present two approximation methods which will be specially useful: the well known Variational Method and the Logarithmic Perturbation Theory, the latter being closely related to the concepts of superpotentials and hierarchy of hamiltonians. Finally, we present problems related to superpotentials which are monomials in even powers of the x coordinate multiplied by the sign function epsilon(x), which seems to be a new class of problems in Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics.
Abstract Starting from general self-adjoint linear combinations of generators of the superalgebra a time-dependent Hamiltonian of a supersymmetric quantum mechanical system is defined by computing the supercommutator of the linear forms. The resulting Hamiltonian is given by the sum of two quadratic forms in odd, respectively even, generators of the superalgebra describing a class of systems containing bosons and fermions. Linear supercanonical transformations of wave vectors leave invariant a Heisenberg superalgebra and belong to the supergroup OSp . The equations of motion for the supercanonical transformations in the Heisenberg picture are shown to be systems of ordinary differential equations. The unitary time evolution operator is constructed using the adjoint map. For periodic Hamiltonians, it is shown that this is a procedure to obtain effective Floquet Hamiltonians. The examples show that the known superalgebras-based approaches for the nuclear shell model and the Jaynes-Cummings model are incorporated in the lowest-dimensional cases. The presented approach opens the possibility to study quantum control problems defined by linear combinations of superalgebra generators with Grassmannian coefficients.