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Quantum Optics Journal of the European Optical Society Part B

K2optically pumped lasers using temporally delayed pulses in the counterintuitive sequence

Brian K. Clark, Anthony Glueck

Published Aug 1, 1994• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report increased stimulated emission on some optically pumped laser transitions coupled to suppressed stimulated emission on other transitions when a weak Stokes laser beam and a strong pump laser beam interact with K 2 molecules in the counterintuitive sequence. The Stokes laser photons begin to interact with the K 2 molecules 3 to 4 ns before the pump laser photons can interact with the K 2 molecules. Both the Stokes and the pump laser pulses last for approximately 5 ns and the suppressed and enhanced stimulated emissions coincide with the pump laser pulse. The stimulated emissions described in this paper propagate parallel to the Stokes and pump laser beams.

DOI
10.1088/0954-8998/6/4/011

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AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 1993•0 citations
We report increased stimulated emission on some optically pumped laser transitions coupled to suppressed stimulated emission on other transitions when a weak Stokes laser beam and a strong pump laser beam interact with K 2 molecules in the counterintuitive sequence. The Stokes laser photons begin to interact with the K 2 molecules 3 to 4 ns before the pump laser photons can interact with the K 2 molecules. Both the Stokes and the pump laser pulses last for approximately 5 ns and the suppressed and enhanced stimulated emissions coincide with the pump laser pulse. The stimulated emissions described in this paper propagate parallel to the Stokes and pump laser beams.
The nonlinear interaction of a four-level potassium system with a strong pump and a weak coupling laser is investigated. A strong pump pulse excites the two-photon transition , causing prompt parametric emissions along the path-1 and delayed emissions in the second available de-excitation path-2 . A weak coupling pulse is introduced to coherently excite either the transition (path-1) or the one (path-2) in a V-type scheme. Results are presented for the emissions generated under the combined action of the pump–coupling pulses as a function of their delay for certain peak pulse intensities and coherence relaxation times (CRTs) related to dephasing collisions. We find that emissions in path-1 are considerably enhanced for negative delays (counterintuitive pulse sequence) of the order of the CRT. An approach is suggested for the estimation of CRTs. Emissions in path-2 are enhanced and temporally shifted, suggesting an approach to control this path by varying the pulse delay.
When stimulated Raman pumping (SRP) is applied to a stream of isolated molecules, such as found in a supersonic molecular beam expansion, we show that SRP can neither saturate nor power broaden a molecular transition connecting two metastable levels that is resonant with the energy difference between the pump and Stokes laser pulses. Using the optical Bloch-Feynman equations, we discuss the pumping of the hydrogen molecule from H(2) (v = 0, J = 0, M = 0) to H(2) (v = 1, J = 2, M = 0) as an illustration of how coherent population return severely reduces the SRP pumping efficiency unless the pump and Stokes laser pulses are applied with an appropriate relative delay and ratio of intensities.
A simple description of the stimulated Raman emission of Stokes radiation, and of the induced absorption found by Stoicheff at the anti-Stokes frequency, is based on the semiclassical theory of radiation. This theory gives the well-known formulas for absorption and stimulated emission when carried to the first order in the time-dependent perturbation due to the interaction of the light beam with the molecules. If there are two light beams of frequencies ωL and ω, the second-order perturbation may be associated with stimulated emission at the Stokes frequency ω=ω−1=ωL—ωR and with induced absorption at the anti-Stokes frequency ω=ω1=ωL+ωR, where ωL is the laser frequency and ωR a Raman-active vibrational frequency; in both cases, there is a molecular transition to the excited vibrational state. The highly directional and very sharp anti-Stokes emission at ω1 arises from the conversion by molecules in intense beams at ωL and ω−1 of two ωL photons into an ω−1, ω1 pair. Like spontaneous emission from excited states, the production of this anti-Stokes radiation requires the full quantum theory of radiation for an adequate description. The emission of ω1 and the observed directional absorption of ω−1 due to the reverse conversion ω−1+ω1→2ωL are explained. The anti-Stokes emission is proportional to the Stokes intensity and to the square of that of the laser, and to the square of the molecular number density; its sharpness is due to the absence of a molecular transition. The generation of photon pairs ω−n+ωn, where ωn=ωL+nωR, can occur for all values of n, but it is most efficient for n=1, due to resonance in the appropriate molecular hyperpolarizability and to the intensity of the Stokes beam at ω−1.
Discriptions are given of recent theoretical and experimental results of dramatic effects, during the interval of the excitation pulse, in optically pumped stimulated emissions (OPSE). Forward-directed OPSE from a two-photon resonantly excited state to a lower state which is also coupled to the ground state is strongly suppressed and backward emissions are frequency shifted. Surprisingly, the effects are caused by an interference from a wave-mixing field. Several other implications of this effect are given and, on the basis of this phenomenon, several puzzling ASE observations mentioned in other published work are noted and clarified.
Descriptions are given of recent theoretical and experimental results of dramatic effects, during the interval of the excitation pulse, in optically pumped stimulated emissions (OPSE). [W. R. Garrett, Phys. Rev. Lett. (in press).] Forward‐directed OPSE from a two‐photon resonantly excited state to a lower state which is also coupled to the ground state is strongly suppressed and backward emissions are frequency shifted. Surprisingly, the effects are caused by an interference from a wave‐mixing field. Several other implications of this effect are given and, on the basis of this phenomenon, several puzzling ASE observations mentioned in other published work are noted and clarified.