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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Selectivity with respect to the orbital polarization in the energy-pooling process with sodium atoms

I. Yu. Yurova

Published Mar 28, 1995• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Cross sections sigma (m 1 m 2 ) nl for the energy pooling processes in the collision between two excited sodium atoms are calculated for the case when the partners are prepared in the 3p-excited states with the definite orbital momentum projections m 1 and m 2 . As a result of the process one of the colliding atoms comes to the ground state and the other partner is excited to nl state with nl=5s, 4d, 4f. The collision velocity is equal to or higher than thermal. The Landau-Zener-locking model (LZ-locking) is developed: the sudden change of the type of the coupling between the electron orbital momentum and the internuclear axis (the locking approximation) is combined with the multicrossing Landau-Zener model. The validity of the LZ-locking model is analysed. The results show strong cross section dependence on the initial quantum numbers m 1 and m 2 , especially in the 5s channel.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/28/6/015

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•Jan 1, 1997•0 citations
Cross sections sigma (m 1 m 2 ) nl for the energy pooling processes in the collision between two excited sodium atoms are calculated for the case when the partners are prepared in the 3p-excited states with the definite orbital momentum projections m 1 and m 2 . As a result of the process one of the colliding atoms comes to the ground state and the other partner is excited to nl state with nl=5s, 4d, 4f. The collision velocity is equal to or higher than thermal. The Landau-Zener-locking model (LZ-locking) is developed: the sudden change of the type of the coupling between the electron orbital momentum and the internuclear axis (the locking approximation) is combined with the multicrossing Landau-Zener model. The validity of the LZ-locking model is analysed. The results show strong cross section dependence on the initial quantum numbers m 1 and m 2 , especially in the 5s channel.
The authors have studied, in a beam experiment, the energy pooling reaction between two laser excited Na*(3p) atoms, where in the final state one of the Na atoms is in the 5s or 4d state and the other in the ground state. The polarization of the Na*(3p) atoms can be varied by changing the laser polarization. By using two counterpropagating Na beams and intersecting them twice by a laser beam (directly and indirectly after reflection against a mirror) the polarization of the two collision partners can be varied independently. Since the laser beam intersects the Na beams at an angle of 87.6 degrees , the relative velocity of the atoms can furthermore be selected by exploiting the Doppler effect. In the authors' experiment the relevant cross sections and coherences, specified according to the various magnetic substate combinations of the colliding Na*(3p) atoms, can be determined.
In a beam experiment the authors have studied the energy pooling reaction between two laser excited Na* (3p) atoms, where in the final state one of the sodium atoms is in the 5s or 4d state and the other in the ground state. They have determined all eight independent partial cross sections and coherence terms, specified according to the various magnetic substate combinations of the colliding Na* (3p) atoms, as a function of the collision velocity. This is the maximum information that can be extracted from the experiment given the symmetry of the detection scheme. By applying a weak magnetic field, to orient the Na* (3p) atoms, the authors were able to distinguish between the two partial cross sections sigma 11 and sigma 1-1 , where the subscripts 11 and 1-1 refer to the initial magnetic substate combinations of the two collision partners. By using an electro-optical modulator the authors have furthermore improved the signal-to-noise ratio to an extent where it was possible to measure all coherence terms.
The authors have studied in a beam experiment the energy pooling reaction between two laser-excited Na* (3p) atoms, where in the final state one Na atom is in the 5s or 4d state and the other in the ground state. They have found that this reaction is strongly dependent on the polarization of the laser light used to prepare the Na*(3p) atoms. An analysis of theoretical potential curves suggests that the reaction mainly proceeds via the input channel where one of the atoms is in the M=0 and the other in the M=1 substate. Their experimental results are in qualitative agreement with that suggestion.
We report the measurements of the temperature dependence of the cross section 4D for the energy pooling process Na(3P)+Na(3P) Na(4D)+Na(3S). The latest two, as yet undisputed, results for 4D obtained by different authors at T = 597 K and T = 483 K suggest that this cross section decreases with increasing T , which contradicts the theory and other experiments on similar processes. To resolve this controversy and to examine the temperature trend of the cross section, we have measured the 4D in the temperature range 567-705 K, covering the high-temperature region that has not yet been investigated experimentally. To determine 4D we have excited sodium atoms in the quasistatic wing of the D1 line using a cw dye laser and measured the fluorescence intensity for the 4D 3P 3/2 transition, relative to the intensity of the optically thin quasistatic wing of the D2 line. The spatial distribution of the number density of the sodium atoms in the 3P 3/2 state and the sodium ground-state number density were measured too. The method used for the determination of the cross section is advantageous since it entirely circumvents the need to account for the radiation trapping of 3P level radiation, which was substantial under experimental conditions of the ground-state densities being 10 14 -10 16 cm -3 . The measurements of the cross section 4D in the investigated temperature range have shown that it increases as ~exp(- E / kT ). From the experiment we obtained E = (608±95) cm -1 , which is in excellent agreement with the energy defect (613 cm -1 ) for the considered process, and in fair agreement with the values which follow from recent theoretical calculations.
Abstract. The cross sections for the Na.4D/! Na.4F / excitation energy transfer induced by collisions with He, Ar and Na ground-state atoms have been measured. The sodium atoms in the 4D state have been produced by two-photon excitation using cw laser radiation at 578.89 nm. Within a model which takes into account collisional population and depopulation of the 4F level as well as radiative relaxation (direct or cascade) of the 3D, 4P, 4D and 4F states ending in the 3P level, the rate for the Na.4D / ! Na.4F / collisional transfer turns out to be related to the ratio of the steady-state populations created in 3D and 4D states. They have been determined by measuring the fluorescence intensities of the 3D! 3P and 4D! 3P transitions. The measurements yield the following cross section values for those