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International Journal of Modern Physics C

SECURITY OF "ASYMMETRICAL QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION PROTOCOL"

CHUAN-MING LI, Tzonelih Hwang, Kuo-Chang Lee

Published Feb 1, 2007• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In 2002, Li presented an asymmetrical quantum key distribution protocol which utilizes the correlations of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs to establish a session key between two participants. Li claimed that an eavesdropper Eve cannot prevent his existence from being found by participants. However, this study shows that the session key can be obtained by Eve without being detected.

DOI
10.1142/s0129183107009005

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In 2002, Li presented an asymmetrical quantum key distribution protocol which utilizes the correlations of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs to establish a session key between two participants. Li claimed that an eavesdropper Eve cannot prevent his existence from being found by participants. However, this study shows that the session key can be obtained by Eve without being detected.
Entanglement swapping between Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs can be used to generate the same sequence of random bits in two remote places. A quantum key distribution protocol based on this idea is described. The scheme exhibits the following features. (a) It does not require that Alice and Bob choose between alternative measurements, therefore improving the rate of generated bits by transmitted qubit. (b) It allows Alice and Bob to generate a key of arbitrary length using a single quantum system (three EPR pairs), instead of a long sequence of them. (c) Detecting Eve requires the comparison of fewer bits. (d) Entanglement is an essential ingredient. The scheme assumes reliable measurements of the Bell operator.
We provide an asymmetrical quantum key distribution protocol based on the correlations of EPR pairs. It is a variant of the modified Lo–Chau protocol where the EPR pair is not in the state Φ+ but is in one of the four states {Φ±, Ψ±}. The two sides communicating with each other are not equal in the process of establishing the key. A public key system can be built on the protocol. It differs from classical public key system in that there are three keys: the public key, the secret key and the real key.
Ekert has described a cryptographic scheme in which Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs of particles are used to generate identical random numbers in remote places, while Bell's theorem certifies that the particles have not been measured in transit by an eavesdropper. We describe a related but simpler EPR scheme and, without invoking Bell's theorem, prove it secure against more general attacks, including substitution of a fake EPR source. Finally we show our scheme is equivalent to the original 1984 key distribution scheme of Bennett and Brassard, which uses single particles instead of EPR pairs.