Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Low Temperature Physics

Electric activity of vortices in superfluid He4

В. Д. Нацик

Published Oct 1, 2005• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The vortical motion of atoms in a quantum liquid is accompanied by their weak polarization under the action of centrifugal forces. Theoretical estimates of the effect give an electric field close to the axis of the vortex of about 300 V⋅cm−1 and a linear density of the bound charge in the core of about (3e)cm−1 (e is the charge of an electron).

DOI
10.1063/1.2126950

Related papers

Effect of electric field on quantized vortices in HeII

В. Д. Нацик

A study is made of the electric polarization of quantized vortices in a superfluid Bose liquid and their interaction with electric field. Two types of vortex polarization are considered, both of which are due to the centrifugal forces exerted on the atoms of the liquid in their azimuthal motion around the vortex line. First, under the influence of these forces the atoms acquire dipole moments (inertial polarization in the absence of external field), and a nonuniform symmetric distribution of the polarization density arises around the vortex line. Here the vortex does not have an integral dipole moment, but each element of the vortex line possesses a quadrupole moment. Second, the centrifugal forces lead to a nonuniform distribution of the atomic density around the vortex line, and therefore the polarization density of the liquid in an external electric field is also nonuniform near the vortex line, and an individual element of the vortex line acquires an effective dipole moment proportional to the field (inductive polarization). Analytical expressions are obtained for the polarization density around rectilinear and ring-shaped vortex lines, and the effective dipole and quadrupole moments of such vortices are calculated. The distribution of ponderomotive forces acting on a superfluid liquid containing a quantized vortex in an electric field is analyzed, and the corrections to the vortex energy due to the field are found. Numerical estimates of these effects are made for the case of HeII.

Low Temperature Physics•Dec 1, 2007•18 citations

On the electric charge of quantized vortices and the dipole moment of vortex pairs and rings in a magnetic field

Aleksandr Konstantinov, S. I. Shevchenko

It is shown that, in the presence of a magnetic field, a quantized vortex line in a superfluid liquid acquires a linear polarization charge, which is localized near the vortex axis over a length on the order of the coherence length. It is found that the total charge of a rectilinear vortex is nonzero, while the vortex pair and vortex ring have a nonzero dipole moment. The electric fields of rectilinear vortices near the end surface of a cylindrical vessel filled with a superfluid liquid are calculated. The electric polarization of superfluid systems in the presence of thermally activated vortex pairs and vortex rings has been studied. It is shown that such a polarization arises in the presence of relative motion of the normal and superfluid components.

arXiv:2303.03780•Low Temperature Physics•Jun 1, 2023•0 citations

Magnetic polarization of quantum vortices in He II

В. Д. Нацик

The weak magnetic polarization which a quantum vortex in a superfluid Bose liquid acquires as a result of the mutual electric polarization of atoms and the nonuniform distribution of the atomic density in its core is discussed. A rectilinear single-quantum vortex carries a magnetic moment directed along and proportional to the length of the vortex line. The magnetic moment density per unit length and the corresponding quantum of magnetic flux (vortex fluxoid) are directly related with the quantum circulation of the superfluid flow in the vortex. Numerical estimates of this effect are presented for vortices in He II.

Low Temperature Physics•Jul 1, 2008•17 citations

On electric fields created by quantized vortices

A. S. Rukin, S. I. Shevchenko

It is shown that in a magnetic field the quantized vortices in a superfluid acquire a real quantized electric charge concentrated in the vortex core. This charge is compensated by an opposite surface charge, located at macroscopic distance from the vortex axis. It is found that polarization caused by the vortex velocity field does not give rise to electric fields outside an infinite cylinder. The vortex-created electric fields can be observed only near the cylinder end surfaces, which must be covered by dielectric covers in order to prevent leakage of the superfluid. The influence of cover properties on the vortex-created potential is studied here. The potentials created by vortices on point and ring electrodes are calculated.

arXiv:1109.4828•Low Temperature Physics•Oct 1, 2011•4 citations

ADIABATIC EFFECTIVE ACTION FOR VORTICES IN NEUTRAL AND CHARGED SUPERFLUIDS

Machiko Hatsuda, Motoki Sato, Shigeaki Yahikozawa +1 more

Adiabatic effective action for vortices in neutral and charged superfluids at zero temperature are calculated using the topological Landau-Ginzburg theory recently proposed by Hatsuda, Yahikozawa, Ao and Thouless, and vortex dynamics are examined. The Berry phase term arising in the effective action naturally yields the Magnus force in both neutral and charged superfluids. It is shown that in neutral superfluid there is only one degree of freedom, namely the center of vorticities, and the vortex energy is proportional to the sum of all vorticities so that it is finite only for the vanishing total vorticity of the system. On the other hand the effective mass and the vortex energy for a vortex in charged superfluids are defined individually as expected. The effects of the vortex core on these quantities are also estimated. The possible depinning scenario which is governed by the Magnus force and the inertial mass is also discussed.

arXiv:cond-mat/9505158•International Journal of Modern Physics B•Jul 10, 1996•2 citations

Motion of charged vortex rings in helium II

David C. Samuels, Russell James Donnelly

We show that an ion carried through an electric field by a quantized vortex ring in helium II will cause a symmetric change in the radius of the ring, even though the ion is located asymmetrically on the core of the vortex ring. The localized force on the ion will combine with a specific series of vortex waves to give a uniform growth of the ring with a small component of drift velocity perpendicular to the applied electric field. This type of energy transfer may also play an important role in superfluid turbulence. Our calculations should be valid for localized forces on thin-core classical vortices as well.

Physical Review Letters•Oct 28, 1991•40 citations
The vortical motion of atoms in a quantum liquid is accompanied by their weak polarization under the action of centrifugal forces. Theoretical estimates of the effect give an electric field close to the axis of the vortex of about 300 V⋅cm−1 and a linear density of the bound charge in the core of about (3e)cm−1 (e is the charge of an electron).
A study is made of the electric polarization of quantized vortices in a superfluid Bose liquid and their interaction with electric field. Two types of vortex polarization are considered, both of which are due to the centrifugal forces exerted on the atoms of the liquid in their azimuthal motion around the vortex line. First, under the influence of these forces the atoms acquire dipole moments (inertial polarization in the absence of external field), and a nonuniform symmetric distribution of the polarization density arises around the vortex line. Here the vortex does not have an integral dipole moment, but each element of the vortex line possesses a quadrupole moment. Second, the centrifugal forces lead to a nonuniform distribution of the atomic density around the vortex line, and therefore the polarization density of the liquid in an external electric field is also nonuniform near the vortex line, and an individual element of the vortex line acquires an effective dipole moment proportional to the field (inductive polarization). Analytical expressions are obtained for the polarization density around rectilinear and ring-shaped vortex lines, and the effective dipole and quadrupole moments of such vortices are calculated. The distribution of ponderomotive forces acting on a superfluid liquid containing a quantized vortex in an electric field is analyzed, and the corrections to the vortex energy due to the field are found. Numerical estimates of these effects are made for the case of HeII.
It is shown that, in the presence of a magnetic field, a quantized vortex line in a superfluid liquid acquires a linear polarization charge, which is localized near the vortex axis over a length on the order of the coherence length. It is found that the total charge of a rectilinear vortex is nonzero, while the vortex pair and vortex ring have a nonzero dipole moment. The electric fields of rectilinear vortices near the end surface of a cylindrical vessel filled with a superfluid liquid are calculated. The electric polarization of superfluid systems in the presence of thermally activated vortex pairs and vortex rings has been studied. It is shown that such a polarization arises in the presence of relative motion of the normal and superfluid components.
The weak magnetic polarization which a quantum vortex in a superfluid Bose liquid acquires as a result of the mutual electric polarization of atoms and the nonuniform distribution of the atomic density in its core is discussed. A rectilinear single-quantum vortex carries a magnetic moment directed along and proportional to the length of the vortex line. The magnetic moment density per unit length and the corresponding quantum of magnetic flux (vortex fluxoid) are directly related with the quantum circulation of the superfluid flow in the vortex. Numerical estimates of this effect are presented for vortices in He II.
It is shown that in a magnetic field the quantized vortices in a superfluid acquire a real quantized electric charge concentrated in the vortex core. This charge is compensated by an opposite surface charge, located at macroscopic distance from the vortex axis. It is found that polarization caused by the vortex velocity field does not give rise to electric fields outside an infinite cylinder. The vortex-created electric fields can be observed only near the cylinder end surfaces, which must be covered by dielectric covers in order to prevent leakage of the superfluid. The influence of cover properties on the vortex-created potential is studied here. The potentials created by vortices on point and ring electrodes are calculated.
Adiabatic effective action for vortices in neutral and charged superfluids at zero temperature are calculated using the topological Landau-Ginzburg theory recently proposed by Hatsuda, Yahikozawa, Ao and Thouless, and vortex dynamics are examined. The Berry phase term arising in the effective action naturally yields the Magnus force in both neutral and charged superfluids. It is shown that in neutral superfluid there is only one degree of freedom, namely the center of vorticities, and the vortex energy is proportional to the sum of all vorticities so that it is finite only for the vanishing total vorticity of the system. On the other hand the effective mass and the vortex energy for a vortex in charged superfluids are defined individually as expected. The effects of the vortex core on these quantities are also estimated. The possible depinning scenario which is governed by the Magnus force and the inertial mass is also discussed.
We show that an ion carried through an electric field by a quantized vortex ring in helium II will cause a symmetric change in the radius of the ring, even though the ion is located asymmetrically on the core of the vortex ring. The localized force on the ion will combine with a specific series of vortex waves to give a uniform growth of the ring with a small component of drift velocity perpendicular to the applied electric field. This type of energy transfer may also play an important role in superfluid turbulence. Our calculations should be valid for localized forces on thin-core classical vortices as well.