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Physical Review A

Rydberg-Rydberg interaction in the second-harmonic generation from rubidium atoms

Natalia R. de Melo, S. S. Vianna

Published Feb 27, 2008• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We report on the observation of long range interaction in the second-harmonic generation from rubidium Rydberg atoms. The asymmetric spectral broadening of the resonant lines provides evidence of the van der Waals interaction between pairs of Rydberg atoms. This effect is investigated when the two-photon transition is resonant with $nd$ levels for $n\ensuremath{\approx}13$.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.77.023418

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We report on the observation of long range interaction in the second-harmonic generation from rubidium Rydberg atoms. The asymmetric spectral broadening of the resonant lines provides evidence of the van der Waals interaction between pairs of Rydberg atoms. This effect is investigated when the two-photon transition is resonant with ndndnd levels for n\ensuremath≈13n\ensuremath{\approx}13n\ensuremath≈13.
We present evidence for molecular resonances in a cold dense gas of rubidium Rydberg atoms. Single UV photon excitation from the 5s ground state to np Rydberg states (n=50-90) reveals resonances at energies corresponding to excited atom pairs (n-1)d+ns. We attribute these normally forbidden transitions to avoided crossings between the long-range molecular potentials of two Rydberg atoms. These strong van der Waals interactions result in avoided crossings at extremely long range, e.g., approximately 58 000 times the Bohr radius (a(0)) for n=70.
We report on the observation of ultralong range interactions in a gas of cold rubidium Rydberg atoms. The van der Waals interaction between a pair of Rydberg atoms separated as far as 100,000 Bohr radii features two important effects: spectral broadening of the resonance lines and suppression of excitation with increasing density. The density dependence of these effects is investigated in detail for the S- and P-Rydberg states with principal quantum numbers n approximately 60 and n approximately 80 excited by narrow-band continuous-wave laser light. The density-dependent suppression of excitation can be interpreted as the onset of an interaction-induced local blockade.
The authors report the first observation of spectral line perturbations, due to van der Waals coupling between very excited atoms, in a sample where the average interatomic distance is about 15 times the Rydberg atom radius. Broadenings of the order of intervals between adjacent lines reveal Rydberg-Rydberg couplings no longer negligible compared with the atomic binding energy. The authors analyse the excitation mechanism of this 'dense Rydberg gas' by laser light non-resonant for the unperturbed atoms.
We review our recent experiments on interaction‐induced effects in a gas of Rydberg atoms excited from a laser‐cooled rubidium cloud. The van‐der‐Waals interaction between a pair of Rydberg atoms separated as far as 100,000 Bohr radii features two important effects: Spectral broadening of the resonance lines and suppression of excitation with increasing Rydberg density. The line broadenings are interpreted in terms of level shifts of Rydberg pairs due to their interaction. The density‐dependent suppression of excitation marks the onset of an interaction‐induced local blockade.
Abstract Coherently manipulating Rydberg atoms in mesoscopic systems has proven challenging due to the unwanted population of nearby Rydberg levels by black-body radiation. Recently, there have been some efforts towards understanding these effects using states with a low principal quantum number that only have resonant dipole–dipole interactions. We perform experiments that exhibit black-body-induced dipole–dipole interactions for a state that also has a significant van der Waals interaction. Using an enhanced rate-equation model that captures some of the long-range properties of the dipolar interaction, we show that the initial degree of Rydberg excitation is dominated by the van der Waals interaction, while the observed linewidth at later times is dominated by the dipole–dipole interaction. We also point out some prospects for quantum simulation.