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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Optical Second Harmonic Generation in Gases in Magnetic Field

Hisao Uchiki, Hiroki Nakatsuka, Masahiro Matsuoka

Published Sep 1, 1983• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We analyze second harmonic generation in sodium vapor in a transverse magnetic field induced by the two-photon resonant excitation of the 3S-3D transition. The phenomenon is explained by the rotation of the two-photon induced quadrupole moment in the magnetic field. The analysis explains well the saturation of the intensity and rotation of the polarization of the second harmonic radiation in the higher magnetic field \({\gtrsim}0.5\) kG. The collisional decay rate of the coherence of the E1 forbidden transition has been measured as an application of this SHG.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.52.3010

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Physical Review Letters•Apr 3, 1995•9 citations
We analyze second harmonic generation in sodium vapor in a transverse magnetic field induced by the two-photon resonant excitation of the 3S-3D transition. The phenomenon is explained by the rotation of the two-photon induced quadrupole moment in the magnetic field. The analysis explains well the saturation of the intensity and rotation of the polarization of the second harmonic radiation in the higher magnetic field ({\gtrsim}0.5) kG. The collisional decay rate of the coherence of the E1 forbidden transition has been measured as an application of this SHG.
We investigated the process of magnetic field- induced optical second harmonic generation (SHG) in sodium vapor with a cw single-frequency dye laser tuned in the vicinity of the resonantly enhancing 3S-4D two-photon transition at 578.7 nm.1 All previous investigators have used pulsed dye lasers with relatively large linewidths.2 By exploiting the narrow linewidth capability of the cw dye laser (0.5 MHz) we have been able to investigate in detail for the first time properties of the SHG process which change across the line profile. We modeled the process on a theory developed from that reported by Uchlki et al.2 The two-photon absorption creates coherent quadrupole moments which rotate in the magnetic field due to Zeeman splitting to allow generation of the second harmonic.
Second harmonic generation (SHG) in atomic Li vapor is studied when the 2 2 S 1/2 -3 2 S 1/2 two-photon transition is resonantly excited. This is an SHG in a medium with inversion symmetry, with no externally apptied electric or magnetic field, and with no apparent multipole moments associated with the resonant excitation. The SH polarization is found to be parallel to the intensity gradient of the incident laser beam when a cylindrical lens focusing is applied. The mechanism of this highly forbidden SHG is explained by the radial electric field induced by free expansion of photo-electrons around the laser beam axis.
A high-resolution study of magnetic-field-induced second-harmonic generation in sodium vapor has been carried out with use of a single-frequency continuous-wave dye laser. Resonant enhancement was obtained by tuning the laser to the frequency of the 3S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4D two-photon transition of the sodium atom. Experimental and theoretical results are presented showing the variation of the power and polarization properties of the second-harmonic radiation as the laser is tuned across the two-photon resonance, and as the transverse magnetic field is varied.
Second harmonic generation in Cs vapor is produced by the combined action of a polarized laser pulse and a magnetic field. It is delayed from the 10 ps excitation pulse by several hundred ps. The laser is two-photon resonant with the $6{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}6{D}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ transition and initially induces a macroscopic quadrupole moment whose radiation pattern has a null in the forward direction. The magnetic field reshapes this pattern to produce second harmonic light, which is simply a free polarization decay signal evolving in a manner akin to the free induction decay following an adiabatic demagnetization.