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Journal of Applied Physics

Dynamics of double-Josephson-junction interferometers

James A. Blackburn, H. Smith

Published Apr 1, 1978• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The behavior of a superconducting loop containing two Josephson junctions has been studied by means of computer simulations. It is found that a current-biased system can exhibit various dynamical modes in which flux quanta alternately enter and leave the loop through the junctions. The nature of these coupled oscillations and their dependence on device parameters are discussed.

DOI
10.1063/1.325090

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The behavior of a superconducting loop containing two Josephson junctions has been studied by means of computer simulations. It is found that a current-biased system can exhibit various dynamical modes in which flux quanta alternately enter and leave the loop through the junctions. The nature of these coupled oscillations and their dependence on device parameters are discussed.
The dynamic properties of a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) containing arrays of Josephson junctions in a superconducting loop, and in particular the case of a four-junction SQUID, is analyzed theoretically via computer simulations. It is shown that phase locking of Josephson junctions determines the dynamic behavior of the SQUID. In the case of a stable phase-lock state hysteretic I-V curves as well as unusual voltage-flux dependencies appear. The influence of a small spread in the Josephson junction parameters upon the stability of the phase-lock state is investigated in parameter space.
Two parallel stacks of coupled Josephson junctions (JJs) are investigated to clarify the physics of transitions between the rotating and oscillating states and their effect on the IV -characteristics of the system. The detailed study of phase dynamics and bias dependence of the superconducting and diffusion currents allows one to explain all features of simulated IV -characteristics and demonstrate the correspondence in their behavior. The coupling between JJ in the stacks leads to the branching of IV -characteristics and a decrease in the hysteretic region. The crucial role of the diffusion current in the formation of the IV -characteristic of the parallel stacks of coupled JJs is demonstrated. We discuss the effect of symmetry in a number of junctions in the stacks and show a decrease of the branching in the symmetrical stacks. The observed effects might be useful for development of superconducting electronic devices based on intrinsic JJs.
Two parallel stacks of coupled Josephson junctions are investigated to clarify the physics of transitions between the rotating and oscillating states and their effect on the IV-characteristics of the system. The detailed study of phase dynamics and bias dependence of the superconducting and diffusion currents allows one to explain all features of simulated IV-characteristics and demonstrate the correspondence in their behavior. The coupling between JJ in the stacks leads to the branching of IV-characteristics and a decrease in the hysteretic region. The crucial role of the diffusion current in the formation of the IV-characteristic of the parallel stacks of coupled Josephson junctions is demonstrated. We discuss the effect of symmetry in a number of junctions in the stacks and show a decrease of the branching in the symmetrical stacks. The observed effects might be useful for development of superconducting electronic devices based on intrinsic Josephson junctions.
The Hamiltonian of a superconducting thin loop interrupted by a double-barrier Josephson junction is derived. The parameter ε, which takes account of the difference in the Josephson coupling of the two single junctions in the SISIS structure, is seen to allow variation of the energy gap ΔE01 between the ground state and the first excited flux number state of the system. An additional parameter γ, describing the coupling between the outer electrodes of the double-barrier Josephson junction, is introduced. Persistent currents in the system are studied in terms of the usual parameter α, representing the ratio between the Josephson energy and the magnetic energy, and of the externally applied flux.
We theoretically study the behavior of the critical current of a thermally biased tunnel Josephson junction with a particular design, in which the electrodes of the junction are enclosed in two different superconducting loops pierced by independent magnetic fluxes. In this setup, the superconducting gaps can be modified independently through the magnetic fluxes threading the loops. We investigate the response of the device as a function of the magnetic fluxes, by changing the asymmetry parameter, i.e., the ratio between the zero-temperature superconducting gaps $\ensuremath{\delta}={\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{10}/{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{20}$ and the temperatures of the two rings. We show a magnetically controllable steplike response of the critical current, which emerges even in a symmetric junction, $\ensuremath{\delta}=1$. Finally, we discuss the optimal working conditions and the high response of the critical current to small changes in the magnetic flux, reporting good performance of a magnetic flux-to-critical current transducer, with a high transfer function that depends on the operating point, the temperature gradient, and the quality of the junction.
The author numerically demonstrates that a resistive superconducting quantum interference device (RSQUID) with two nonhysteretic Josephson junctions works as a relaxation oscillator. Sequential switching of the Josephson junctions transfers positive and negative flux quanta in the RSQUID loop one by one. Differently from a conventional two-junction superconducting quantum interference device, the dissipative RSQUID loop does not maintain the quantized flux, and hence, finite flux can be accumulated in the RSQUID loop during sequential switching of the Josephson junctions. When the accumulated flux reaches a critical value, the corresponding loop current prevents subsequent junction switching. That is, the oscillation stops. After the loop current decays, sequential switching of the junctions resumes. In addition to the waveforms of relaxation oscillation, dependence of relaxation oscillation on device parameters is presented.