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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Motional dichotomy of a trapped ion

Heping Zeng, Yuzhu Wang, Yusaburo Segawa

Published Nov 14, 1998• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A novel quantum manipulation, which is based upon the second-sideband Raman excitations driven by two standing-wave laser beams, is demonstrated to be effective in splitting the motional ground wavepacket state of a trapped ion into two macroscopically distinguishable parts with spatial separation comparable to the ionic transition wavelength.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/31/21/004

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A novel quantum manipulation, which is based upon the second-sideband Raman excitations driven by two standing-wave laser beams, is demonstrated to be effective in splitting the motional ground wavepacket state of a trapped ion into two macroscopically distinguishable parts with spatial separation comparable to the ionic transition wavelength.
The second-sideband Raman excitation of the motional ground state of a single ion trapped in a harmonic potential is analyzed in the strong Raman coupling regime. Appropriate Raman motional excitations driven by strong standing-wave lasers can be used to split the motional ground state to a macroscopic motional wave-packet state with spatial separation between the split parts comparable to the dimension of the involved ionic transition wavelengths. A spatial flat wave-packet with coherence persisting in a wide spatial range can also be excited. The spatial spread of such a spatial flat macroscopic motional wave-packet oscillates periodically during the free-time evolution in the harmonic trap, with a spatial flat distribution persisting at most of the oscillating times.
It is well known that electronic transitions driven by nearly resonant travelling- or standing- wave lasers are often accompanied with vibrational sideband transitions of a single trapped ion undergoing quantized center-of-mass motion [1], Our previous studies showed that quantum statistics of radiation fields can be used to manipulate the vibronic motion of a trapped ion localised within the Lamb-Dicke limit (LDL) [2]. The present paper addresses quantum manipulating vibronic motion of an ion trapped far beyond the LDL.
For a single ion trapped in a harmonic potential under localization conditions beyond the Lamb-Dicke region, a motional wave packet can be coherently split by irradiating the trapped ion with appropriate counterpropagating traveling-wave laser pulses tuned to the second-sideband Raman resonance. Quantum interference between the split wave packets gives rise to interference fringes in the spatial probability distribution when the wave packets spatially overlap at a certain time during a periodic oscillation. An ion-trap interferometer is proposed on the basis of the wave-packet splitter in combination with quantum tomographic determination of the spatial interference fringes.
Scalability and the implementation of fault tolerant quantum gates are the two main challenges which must be overcome in order to unlock the vast potential of quantum computing. This thesis describes work with calcium ions trapped in both microscopic and macroscopic linear Paul traps addressing both of these issues. We describe the assembly of a microstructured multi-zone ion trap which forms part of our group's contribution to the European "Microtrap" collaboration. We report the successful trapping of ions and characterization of the trap as well as a measurement of the heating rate. In miniaturized trap structures such as this one, background scattered light from the cooling beam causes difficulties. We introduce and demonstrate experimentally two techniques to overcome this problem. The first achieves background-free detection of ions using different repumping methods to enable the filtering out of the excitation wavelength. The second makes possible background-free readout of trapped ion qubits by separating in time the excitation and detection steps The second half of the thesis describes our experimental efforts towards implementing a two-qubit entangling gate with a mixed-species crystal. We describe the setup and characterization of a new macroscopic trap including the trapping and coherent manipulation of the internal states of both 40Ca+ and 43Ca+ ions. We accomplish the simultaneous independent readout of two qubits implemented in a 40Ca+ - 43Ca+ ion pair. We also present the setup and characterization of two injection-locked frequency-doubled Raman lasers and demonstrate coherent manipulation as well as a measurement of the off-resonant photon scattering error they introduce. Finally, we use them to achieve sideband cooling to the motional ground state of a mixed species ion crystal.