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Journal of Mathematical Physics

Necessary versus sufficient conditions for exact solubility of statistical models on lattices

Pierre Lochak, J.-M. Maillard

Published Feb 1, 1986• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is shown that under rather mild conditions the triangle relation represents a necessary condition for the existence of commuting transfer matrices of arbitrary size. The cases of spin models and vertex models are treated separately.
DOI
10.1063/1.527401

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The authors study the star-triangle relation for two-component spin models on a square lattice, in order to classify exhaustively such a relation. For this purpose, they obtain necessary conditions for the star-triangle relation to be satisfied, by considering the commutation of transfer matrices of arbitrary size N, for small N. The number of such conditions is compared with the number of relevant parameters of the model, and we are led to distinguish two very different cases. Only the first one is dealt with in this paper.
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We show that the celebrated six-vertex model of statistical mechanics (along with its multistate generalizations) can be reformulated as an Ising-type model with only a two-spin interaction. Such a reformulation unravels remarkable factorization properties for row to row transfer matrices, allowing one to uniformly derive all functional relations for their eigenvalues and present the coordinate Bethe ansatz for the eigenvectors for all higher spin generalizations of the six-vertex model. The possibility of the Ising-type formulation of these models raises questions about the precedence of the traditional quantum group description of the vertex models. Indeed, the role of a primary integrability condition is now played by the star-triangle relation, which is not entirely natural in the standard quantum group setting, but implies the vertex-type Yang-Baxter equation and commutativity of transfer matrices as simple corollaries. As a mathematical identity the emerging star-triangle relation is equivalent to the Pfaff-Saalschütz-Jackson summation formula, originally discovered by J. F. Pfaff in 1797. Plausibly, all vertex models associated with quantized affine Lie algebras and superalgebras can be reformulated as Ising-type models with only two-spin interactions.
Using the most elementary methods and considerations, the solution of the star-triangle condition a 2 +b 2 c 2 2ab = (a 0 ) 2 +(b 0 ) 2 (c 0 ) 2 2a 0 b 0 is shown to be a necessary condition for the extension of the operator coalgebra of the six-vertex model to a bialgebra. A portion of the bialgebra acts as a spectrum-generating algebra for the algebraic Bethe ansatz, with which higher-dimensional representations of the bialgebra can be constructed. The star-triangle relation is proved to be necessary for the commutativity of the transfer matrices T (a;b;c) andT (a 0 ;b 0 ;c 0 ).