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Journal of Luminescence

The interplay of self-trapping and self-quenching for resonant transitions in solids; role of a cavity

Francois E. Auzel, F. Bonfigli, S. Gagliari, G. Baldacchini

Published Dec 1, 2001• 104 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/s0022-2313(01)00308-8

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By exploiting the nonlinear nature of the Jaynes Cumming interaction, one can get photon population trapping in cavity-QED arrays. However, the unavoidable dissipative effects in a realistic system would destroy the self-trapped state by continuous photon leakage, and the self-trapping remains only as a temporary effect. To circumvent this issue, we aim to achieve an indefinitely long-lived self-trapped steady state rather than a localization with limited lifetime. We show that a careful engineering of drive, dissipation, and Hamiltonian results in achieving indefinitely sustained self-trapping. We show that the intricate interplay between drive, dissipation, and light-matter interaction results in requiring an optimal window of drive strengths in order to achieve such nontrivial steady states. We treat the two-cavity and four-cavity cases by using exact open quantum many-body calculations. Additionally, in the semiclassical limit we scale up the system to a long one-dimensional chain and demonstrate localized and delocalized steady-states in a driven-dissipative cavity-QED lattice. Although our analysis is performed by keeping cavity-QED systems in mind, our work is applicable to other driven-dissipative systems where nonlinearity plays a pivotal role.
Interfacing solid-state emitters with photonic structures is a key strategy for developing highly efficient photonic quantum technologies. Such structures are often organized into two distinct categories: nanocavities and waveguides. However, any realistic nanocavity structure simultaneously has characteristics of both a cavity and waveguide, which is particularly pronounced when the cavity is constructed using low-reflectivity mirrors in a waveguide structure with good transverse light confinement. In this regime, standard cavity quantum optics theory breaks down, as the waveguide character of the underlying dielectric is only weakly suppressed by the cavity mirrors. By consistently treating the photonic density of states of the structure, we provide a microscopic description of an emitter including the effects of phonon scattering over the full transition range from waveguide to cavity. This generalized theory lets us identify an optimal regime of operation for single-photon sources in optical nanostructures, where cavity and waveguide effects are concurrently exploited.
A cold dilute atomic gas in an optical resonator can be radiatively cooled by coherent scattering processes when the driving laser frequency is tuned close to but below the cavity resonance. When the atoms are sufficiently illuminated, their steady state undergoes a phase transition from a homogeneous distribution to a spatially organized Bragg grating. We characterize the dynamics of this self-ordering process in the semi-classical regime when distinct cavity modes with commensurate wavelengths are quasi-resonantly driven by laser fields via scattering by the atoms. The lasers are simultaneously applied and uniformly illuminate the atoms; their frequencies are chosen so that the atoms are cooled by the radiative processes, and their intensities are either suddenly switched or slowly ramped across the self-ordering transition. Numerical simulations for different ramp protocols predict that the system will exhibit long-lived metastable states, whose occurrence strongly depends on the initial temperature, ramp speed, and the number of atoms.