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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Optical generation of many-spin entangled states in a quantum well

Roberto D. Merlin, Jiming Bao, Andrea V. Bragas, J. K. Furdyna

Published May 25, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A quantum-mechanical many-particle system may exhibit non-local behavior in that measurements performed on one of the particles can affect a second one that is far apart. These so-called entangled states are crucial for the implementation of quantum information protocols and gates for quantum computation. Here, we use ultrafast optical pulses and coherent techniques to create and control spin entangled states in an ensemble of up to three non-interacting electrons bound to donors in a CdTe quantum well. Our method, relying on the exchange interaction between localized excitons and paramagnetic impurities, can in principle be applied to entangle an arbitrarily large number of spins.

DOI
10.1117/12.548108

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A quantum-mechanical many-particle system may exhibit non-local behavior in that measurements performed on one of the particles can affect a second one that is far apart. These so-called entangled states are crucial for the implementation of quantum information protocols and gates for quantum computation. Here, we use ultrafast optical pulses and coherent techniques to create and control spin entangled states in an ensemble of up to three non-interacting electrons bound to donors in a CdTe quantum well. Our method, relying on the exchange interaction between localized excitons and paramagnetic impurities, can in principle be applied to entangle an arbitrarily large number of spins.
A quantum-mechanical many-particle system may exhibit nonlocal behavior in that measurements performed on one of the particles can affect a second one that is far apart. These so-called entangled states are crucial for the implementation of quantum information protocols and gates for quantum computation. Here, we use ultrafast optical pulses and coherent pump-probe techniques to create and control spin entangled states in an ensemble of up to three non-interacting electrons bound to donors in a ${\mathrm{Cd}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}$Te quantum well. Our method, relying on the exchange interaction between optically excited excitons and the paramagnetic impurities, can in principle be applied to entangle an arbitrarily large number of electrons. A microscopic theory of impulsive stimulated Raman scattering and a model for multi-spin entanglement are presented. The signature of entanglement is the observation of overtones of donor spin-flips in the differential reflectivity of the probe pulse. Results are shown for resonant excitation of localized excitons below the gap, and above the gap where the signatures of entanglement are significantly enhanced. Data is also presented on the generation of coherent excitations of antiferromagnetically coupled manganese pairs, folded acoustic phonons, exciton Zeeman beats and entanglement involving two Mn+2{\mathrm{Mn}}^{+2}Mn+2 ions.
Abstract Ultrafast laser pulses were used to control the spin state of a pair of entangled, donor‐bound electrons in a CdMnTe quantum well. The entanglement, mediated by an optically‐excited exciton, was characterized by pumpprobe spectroscopy. The data exhibits two dominant oscillations, one at the frequency of the spin‐flip of a donor electron and the second one at twice this frequency. Their amplitudes depend linearly on the pump power. The quantum state of the two‐electron spin system can be controlled by appropriate spatial and temporal shaping of the pump pulses. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
We report the experimental realization of coherent electron spin flip in a modulation-doped CdTe quantum well. Coherent spin rotation is realized with an off-resonant laser pulse, which induces a polarization-dependent optical Stark shift in the trion resonance. Complete electron spin flip is made possible by a laser pulse designed to avoid excessive excitations of nearby exciton resonances and minimizes detrimental many-body effects. These results demonstrate an effective approach for ultrafast optical spin control in a complex spin system.
Quantum information has reached a stage where real-world applications stimulate an intense research for the implementation of reliable and practical protocols for quantum communication and information processing. The implementation of such protocols, though, requires distributing quantum correlations (entanglement) among a number of degrees of freedom (modes) increasing with the complexity of the task to achieve. In the large-number-of-modes regime, the most promising example is probably one-way quantum computation in which the computation is achieved by applying local measurements to a set of modes initially in a cluster state [1]. However the generation of multipartite entangled states requires experimental configurations whose complexity increases with the number of the modes involved by means of optical devices. In contrast, a practical source should be compact, scalable, and permit to master the quantum properties of the generated states even when the number of modes is very large.
Quantum computation holds the promise of efficient solutions to currently formidable problems. A prospective technology is that of computing using quantum states, which may dramatically speed up or otherwise reduce the complexity for the solution of some hard problems. Of the many different schemes proposed, shallow substitutional donors in Silicon hold great attractiveness for the detailed study of the medium, high industrial capacity, and ubiquity of raw materials. We develop control over the quantum orbital and spin states of bound electrons using the THz ultrafast laser FELIX. \nManipulation of orbital states is studied using interferometric methods to produce Ramsey fringes, read out using optical and electrical methods. Contactless electrical measurement of free charge carriers is implemented, and the details of its advantages and limitations are explored. Both types of readout are used to demonstrate a coherent 3-level orbital manipulation, otherwise known as a quantum beat. The work constitutes a nontrivial control over the spatial distribution of the wavefunction of the atom which may enable error correcting surface code implementations. \nSpin dynamics are then explored in the presence of FELIX using donor-bound exciton techniques, which allow a sensitive and fast control over the electron spin states. The implementation is used to probe whether orbital excitation has a strong effect upon the spin states of the donor electrons, and it is shown that any modification of the spin is negligible. Experimental measurements of optically gated spin-exchange coupling are enabled by this methodology, and a roadmap to future implementation is discussed in the context of the present work. \nOverall, the work advances the state of spin and orbital control of neutral donor states for the purposes of optically gated quantum computing. Combined spin and orbital manipulations are now possible in the system, which will allow a more advanced implementation of quantum computation using orbital states than was previously possible.