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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Generating polarization-entangled W states using weak nonlinearity

Ming Yuan Gao, Wenhua Hu, Cheng-Zu Li

Published Aug 28, 2007• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a scheme for preparing three-photon polarization-entangled W states. The signal photons and a strong probe field interact via weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity that conditionally causes a phase shift on the probe coherent state. A W state is then prepared with a high success probability by the homodyne measurement and postselection. The generating method is simple and efficient.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/40/17/019

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We present a scheme for preparing three-photon polarization-entangled W states. The signal photons and a strong probe field interact via weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity that conditionally causes a phase shift on the probe coherent state. A W state is then prepared with a high success probability by the homodyne measurement and postselection. The generating method is simple and efficient.
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Relying on weak cross-Kerr nonlinearities, we propose a nearly deterministic generation scheme of the three-photon polarization-entangled perfect WWW state which can be applied to the perfect teleportation of an unknown single-photon state and has robust entanglement against the loss of one photon of them. Three photons entangle together by virtue of the bus function of the coherent state serving as the intermediate among them. In the scheme, three processes are executed successively and two kinds of modules are inserted into the circuit, where the homodyne measurement and the photon number measurement are aptly performed. By means of classical feedforward techniques, single-photon unitary transformation operations are performed on the corresponding photons based on the obtained measurement outcomes, by which the generation efficiency of the perfect WWW state aims to nearly unity. Moreover, some currently available optical elements are applied in the generation process, which offer facilities for the practical implementation.
A scheme is proposed for generating a polarization four-photon cluster state based on weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity. Compared with the existing schemes, the distinct feature of the present scheme would be its preparation with near-perfect fidelity due to homodyne measurement on the probe mode. After the probe mode interacts successively with multiple signal-mode photons, sixteen terms about the signal modes can be divided into four groups with the help of homodyne measurement. Each group can be transformed into the cluster state through the appropriate local operations. Thus the present scheme has a high success probability. Because it is difficult to obtain deterministic single-photon sources for current experimental technology, the realistic success probability is rather low but is preponderant in contrast to the existing schemes.