Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Applied Physics Letters

Linewidth of submillimeter wave flux-flow oscillators

V. P. Koshelets, S. V. Shitov, А. В. Щукин, Lyudmila V. Filippenko, J. Mygind

Published Jul 29, 1996• 32 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A reliable technique for wide band measurements of the spectral linewidth of superconducting oscillators integrated on-chip with superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) detectors has been developed. The spectral linewidth of flux-flow oscillators (FFO) based on the unidirectional and viscous flow of magnetic vortices in a long overdamped Josephson tunnel junction was measured in the frequency range 250–580 GHz, and a linewidth as low as 200 kHz was obtained at 450 GHz. Also stable frequency locking of a FFO to very high (≤60th) harmonics of an external microwave reference source has been demonstrated. The proposed technique may improve the sensitivity, frequency resolution, and stability of the fully superconducting integrated submillimeter wave receiver.

DOI
10.1063/1.117811

Related papers

Spectral linewidth of autonomous and injection-locked flux-flow oscillators

V. P. Koshelets, А. В. Щукин, I. L. Lapytskaya +1 more

Oscillators based on unidirectional viscous flow of magnetic flux quanta in long Josephson tunnel junctions with high damping have been experimentally investigated by harmonic mixing and frequency multiplication at frequencies up to 450 GHz. An integral spectral linewidth of two flux-flow oscillators (FFO) as low as 750 kHz was found at 280 GHz. Presently no theory exists for the linewidth of the FFO. Above a few MHz the experimental linewidth scales with the square of the dynamic resistance of the dc I-V curve as found for short Josephson junctions and oscillators based on resonant motion of fluxons in under-damped long Josephson tunnel junctions. Based on calculations assuming wideband thermal noise, we find that the effective temperature of the FFO appears to be much higher than its physical temperature. Different models are discussed in order to explain this discrepancy. Finally harmonic phase locking of a FFO at 355 GHz is demonstrated.

Physical review. B, Condensed matter•Mar 1, 1995•43 citations

Linewidth of frequency locked flux flow oscillators for sub-mm wave receivers

V. P. Koshelets, S. V. Shitov, А. В. Щукин +2 more

Presently Flux Flow Oscillators (FFOs) are being developed for integration with superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) mixers intended for submillimeter wave integrated receivers. Here we report on a detailed study of the dc and microwave properties of Nb-AlO/sub x/-Nb FFOs. A model based on the Josephson self-pumping effect is proposed for explanation of the experimentally measured dc I-V curves (IVC). Extensive measurements of the spectral linewidth of the radiation emitted from a FFO have been performed up to 600 GHz using a new reliable technique based on harmonic mixing. The results are compared to recent theoretical predictions.

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity•Jun 1, 1997•8 citations

Phase locked 270–440 GHz local oscillator based on flux flow in long Josephson tunnel junctions

V. P. Koshelets, S. V. Shitov, Lyudmila V. Filippenko +5 more

The combination of narrow linewidth and wide band tunability makes the Josephson flux flow oscillator (FFO) a perfect on-chip local oscillator for integrated sub-mm wave receivers for, e.g., spectral radio astronomy. The feasibility of phase locking the FFO to an external reference oscillator is demonstrated experimentally. A FFO linewidth as low as 1 Hz (determined by the resolution bandwidth of the spectrum analyzer) has been measured in the frequency range 270–440 GHz relative to a reference oscillator. This linewidth is far below the fundamental level given by shot and thermal noise of the free-running tunnel junction. The results of residual FFO phase noise measurements are also presented. Finally, we propose a single-chip fully superconductive receiver with two superconductor–insulator–superconductor mixers and an integrated phase-locked loop.

Review of Scientific Instruments•Jan 1, 2000•38 citations

Flux flow oscillators for sub-mm wave integrated receivers

V. P. Koshelets, S. V. Shitov, А. В. Щукин +7 more

The results of a detailed study of the microwave linewidth of Nb-AlO/sub x/-Nb flux flow oscillators (FFO) are presented. The dependence of the FFO linewidth on the junctions parameters has been measured by using an improved technique based on harmonic mixing in the frequency range 250-600 GHz. Experimental data are compared with theoretical estimates to evaluate the influence of the possible mechanisms responsible for the broadening of the FFO linewidth. The origins of the increased linewidth at the transition from the resonant to the "pure" flux-flow regime are discussed. The results of the linewidth measurements for the FFO locked to an external synthesizer via a wideband feedback loop are presented. The possibility of phase locking of the Josephson oscillator has been demonstrated experimentally. A FFO linewidth as low as 3.3 kHz (determined by the resolution bandwidth of the spectrum analyzer) has been measured at 310 GHz; it is far below the fundamental level given by shot and thermal noise of the free-running tunnel junction.

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity•Jun 1, 1999•42 citations

An integrated superconducting sub-mm wave receiver for linewidth measurements of Josephson flux-flow oscillators

Y.M. Zhang, Dag Winkler

By using an integrated superconducting sub-mm wave receiver, the composite linewidth of two Josephson flux-flow oscillators (FFO) was measured to be less than 2.1 MHz in the band 280-330 GHz. The output power coupled to a 10 /spl Omega/ microstripline was about 0.5 /spl mu/W, and could be adjusted by changing the current bias of the oscillator junction. The receiver consists of two identical FFO's and an SIS (superconductor-insulator-superconductor) mixer. The composite linewidth of the oscillators was determined by mixing the two signals in the SIS mixer to a lower intermediate frequency (if). The FFO's are connected to the SIS mixer via centerfed interdigital capacitors. One FFO is well coupled to the SIS mixer by using a 3-step Chebychev microstripline transformer and a fairly large interdigital capacitor, while the second FFO has about 15-20 dB weaker coupling. A strip inductor, rf-terminated by a radial stub, resonates out the SIS junction capacitance at about 340 GHz. Radial stubs were also used as rf chokes for the if-line (4 GHz). The FFO's and the SIS element are made of Nb/Nb-oxide/PbBi tunnel junctions. The receiver circuit was optimized by careful CAD modeling (HP Microwave Design System).>

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques•Apr 1, 1994•8 citations

Linewidth Measurements of Flux-Flow Josephson Oscillators using a CAD Designed Integrated Sub-MM Wave Receiver

Y. M. Zhang, Dag Winkler, T. Claeson

By using a superconducting integrated sub-mm wave receiver, the linewidth of a flux-flow type Josephson oscillator (FFO) was measured to be less than 2.1 MHz in the band 280-330 GHz. The output power coupled to a 10 i2 microstripline was about 0.5 jiW, and could be adjusted by changing the current bias of the oscillator junction. The integrated receiver consists of two identical Josephson flux-flow oscillators and an SIS (superconductor-insulator-superconductor) mixer. We can determine the composite linewidth of the oscillators by mixing them down to an intermediate frequency in the 515 mixer. The FPOs are connected to the SIS mixer via centerfed interdigital capacitors. One FFO is well coupled to the SIS mixer by using a 3-step Chebychev rnicrostripline transformer and a fairly large interdigital capacitor, while the second H0 has about 15 20 dB weaker coupling. A strip inductor, rf-terminated by a radial stub resonates out the SIS junction capacitance at about 340 GHz. Radial stubs were also used as RF chokes for the if-line (4 GHz). The FFOs and the SIS element are made of Nb/Nb-oxide/PbBi tunnel junctions. The circuit was optimized by careful CAD modeling (HP Microwave Design System). Normal conductors were used with the resistivity set to zero. Microstripline widths and lengths were recalculated for the superconducting case with the London penetration depths of the electrodes (Nb and PbBi) taken into account. After adjusting the area of the SIS element and the length of the tuning strip inductor, a good response was observed from 280 to 330 GHz, with the LC resonance at 340 GHz. The power was high enough to pump the SIS mixer.

Softwaretechnik-Trends•Apr 1, 1993•1 citation
A reliable technique for wide band measurements of the spectral linewidth of superconducting oscillators integrated on-chip with superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) detectors has been developed. The spectral linewidth of flux-flow oscillators (FFO) based on the unidirectional and viscous flow of magnetic vortices in a long overdamped Josephson tunnel junction was measured in the frequency range 250–580 GHz, and a linewidth as low as 200 kHz was obtained at 450 GHz. Also stable frequency locking of a FFO to very high (≤60th) harmonics of an external microwave reference source has been demonstrated. The proposed technique may improve the sensitivity, frequency resolution, and stability of the fully superconducting integrated submillimeter wave receiver.
Oscillators based on unidirectional viscous flow of magnetic flux quanta in long Josephson tunnel junctions with high damping have been experimentally investigated by harmonic mixing and frequency multiplication at frequencies up to 450 GHz. An integral spectral linewidth of two flux-flow oscillators (FFO) as low as 750 kHz was found at 280 GHz. Presently no theory exists for the linewidth of the FFO. Above a few MHz the experimental linewidth scales with the square of the dynamic resistance of the dc I-V curve as found for short Josephson junctions and oscillators based on resonant motion of fluxons in under-damped long Josephson tunnel junctions. Based on calculations assuming wideband thermal noise, we find that the effective temperature of the FFO appears to be much higher than its physical temperature. Different models are discussed in order to explain this discrepancy. Finally harmonic phase locking of a FFO at 355 GHz is demonstrated.
Presently Flux Flow Oscillators (FFOs) are being developed for integration with superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) mixers intended for submillimeter wave integrated receivers. Here we report on a detailed study of the dc and microwave properties of Nb-AlO/sub x/-Nb FFOs. A model based on the Josephson self-pumping effect is proposed for explanation of the experimentally measured dc I-V curves (IVC). Extensive measurements of the spectral linewidth of the radiation emitted from a FFO have been performed up to 600 GHz using a new reliable technique based on harmonic mixing. The results are compared to recent theoretical predictions.
The combination of narrow linewidth and wide band tunability makes the Josephson flux flow oscillator (FFO) a perfect on-chip local oscillator for integrated sub-mm wave receivers for, e.g., spectral radio astronomy. The feasibility of phase locking the FFO to an external reference oscillator is demonstrated experimentally. A FFO linewidth as low as 1 Hz (determined by the resolution bandwidth of the spectrum analyzer) has been measured in the frequency range 270–440 GHz relative to a reference oscillator. This linewidth is far below the fundamental level given by shot and thermal noise of the free-running tunnel junction. The results of residual FFO phase noise measurements are also presented. Finally, we propose a single-chip fully superconductive receiver with two superconductor–insulator–superconductor mixers and an integrated phase-locked loop.
The results of a detailed study of the microwave linewidth of Nb-AlO/sub x/-Nb flux flow oscillators (FFO) are presented. The dependence of the FFO linewidth on the junctions parameters has been measured by using an improved technique based on harmonic mixing in the frequency range 250-600 GHz. Experimental data are compared with theoretical estimates to evaluate the influence of the possible mechanisms responsible for the broadening of the FFO linewidth. The origins of the increased linewidth at the transition from the resonant to the "pure" flux-flow regime are discussed. The results of the linewidth measurements for the FFO locked to an external synthesizer via a wideband feedback loop are presented. The possibility of phase locking of the Josephson oscillator has been demonstrated experimentally. A FFO linewidth as low as 3.3 kHz (determined by the resolution bandwidth of the spectrum analyzer) has been measured at 310 GHz; it is far below the fundamental level given by shot and thermal noise of the free-running tunnel junction.
By using an integrated superconducting sub-mm wave receiver, the composite linewidth of two Josephson flux-flow oscillators (FFO) was measured to be less than 2.1 MHz in the band 280-330 GHz. The output power coupled to a 10 /spl Omega/ microstripline was about 0.5 /spl mu/W, and could be adjusted by changing the current bias of the oscillator junction. The receiver consists of two identical FFO's and an SIS (superconductor-insulator-superconductor) mixer. The composite linewidth of the oscillators was determined by mixing the two signals in the SIS mixer to a lower intermediate frequency (if). The FFO's are connected to the SIS mixer via centerfed interdigital capacitors. One FFO is well coupled to the SIS mixer by using a 3-step Chebychev microstripline transformer and a fairly large interdigital capacitor, while the second FFO has about 15-20 dB weaker coupling. A strip inductor, rf-terminated by a radial stub, resonates out the SIS junction capacitance at about 340 GHz. Radial stubs were also used as rf chokes for the if-line (4 GHz). The FFO's and the SIS element are made of Nb/Nb-oxide/PbBi tunnel junctions. The receiver circuit was optimized by careful CAD modeling (HP Microwave Design System).>
By using a superconducting integrated sub-mm wave receiver, the linewidth of a flux-flow type Josephson oscillator (FFO) was measured to be less than 2.1 MHz in the band 280-330 GHz. The output power coupled to a 10 i2 microstripline was about 0.5 jiW, and could be adjusted by changing the current bias of the oscillator junction. The integrated receiver consists of two identical Josephson flux-flow oscillators and an SIS (superconductor-insulator-superconductor) mixer. We can determine the composite linewidth of the oscillators by mixing them down to an intermediate frequency in the 515 mixer. The FPOs are connected to the SIS mixer via centerfed interdigital capacitors. One FFO is well coupled to the SIS mixer by using a 3-step Chebychev rnicrostripline transformer and a fairly large interdigital capacitor, while the second H0 has about 15 20 dB weaker coupling. A strip inductor, rf-terminated by a radial stub resonates out the SIS junction capacitance at about 340 GHz. Radial stubs were also used as RF chokes for the if-line (4 GHz). The FFOs and the SIS element are made of Nb/Nb-oxide/PbBi tunnel junctions. The circuit was optimized by careful CAD modeling (HP Microwave Design System). Normal conductors were used with the resistivity set to zero. Microstripline widths and lengths were recalculated for the superconducting case with the London penetration depths of the electrodes (Nb and PbBi) taken into account. After adjusting the area of the SIS element and the length of the tuning strip inductor, a good response was observed from 280 to 330 GHz, with the LC resonance at 340 GHz. The power was high enough to pump the SIS mixer.