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Physica B Condensed Matter

Coherent population control and three-pulse photon echoes: Their dependence on phase of excitation pulse

Ryuzi Yano, Hiroyuki Shinojima

Published Nov 5, 2011• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.physb.2011.10.040

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The role of four-wave mixing (FWM) techniques in coherent control is considered from the point of view of some of the most important developments in this field over the past years, namely multiphoton excitation, pump-dump methods, interference between coherent pulses, chirped laser pulses, and optimal control. FWM techniques provide a powerful platform for combining coherently multiple laser pulses. We explore the effectiveness of these techniques in controlling chemical reactions. The phase relationship between the pulses is maintained by detecting the signal in a phase-matching direction. The results presented show control over the observed dynamics from ground and excited state populations. The FWM signal results from the polarization of the sample following three different electric field interactions. The virtual echo sequence is achieved by the interactions of the sample with three consecutive electric fields characterized by exp[i(kx-w t)], exp[-i(kx-w t)] and exp[i(kx-w t)]. This sequence allows control over the observed ground or excited state dynamics. With the photon echo pulse sequence, characterized by interactions with exp[-i(kx-w t)], exp[i(kx-w t)], and exp[i(kx-w t)], we find that control of ground and excited state populations is not achieved.
Using on-demand coherence conversion via optical locking, a dynamic coherent control of the collective atom phase has been demonstrated for longer photon storage beyond the critical constraint of spin phase decay time, where the storage time can be extended up to hours in a rare-earth-doped solid. Coherent transient phenomena such as photon echoes have been investigated for frozen phase decay via coherent population transfer using a simple deshelving optical pulse pair. Unlike the rephasing halt applied to two-pulse photon echoes, where optical decoherence is accelerated by spin inhomogeneous broadening, a completely atom phase-locked coherence conversion has been observed in three-pulse photon echoes, resulting in spin dephasing-free coherence control. Here, the mechanism of the atom phase-locked coherence conversion via optical locking has been investigated in a solid medium whose optical transition is imperfect, where partial coherence is lost via optical depth-dependent imperfect population transfer. The relationship between coherence loss and optical depth is analyzed, where nearly perfect photon echo efficiency can be obtained for ultralong photon storage in an optically thick medium.
A theoretical study was made of the conditions for observing the photon echo effect in a germanium crystal doped with shallow donors. A numerical calculation of the medium polarization excited by a sequence of two optical pulses at a frequency close to the impurity transition frequency has been made. The effect of excitation pulse parameters, such as the pulse duration, the inhomogeneous broadening of impurity transitions and the relaxation rate of population and coherence in the system on the echo is considered. The key aspect in the experimental implementation of the effect is the control of the crystal temperature under photoexcitation, since the rate of coherence relaxation in the system strongly depends on the temperature of the crystal lattice. Keywords: germanium, shallow donors, coherent effects, photon echo.