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Optics Letters

Refractive-index control with strong fields

Stephen E. Harris

Published Dec 1, 1994• 90 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An electromagnetically induced transparency-like effect is described that allows a strong laser to control and reduce to unity the refractive index of a weak probe. A lossless multistate system with all states far from resonance is considered.
DOI
10.1364/ol.19.002018

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Recently, there has been increasing interest on the idea of controlling optical responses using atomic-coherence or quantum-interferences. Typical example may be the concept of electomagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) [1]. The key idea of EIT is to apply a strong-coupling field between a metastable and upper states to dress them equivalently as two states decaying to a common level or continuum, and to induce the transparency at the split-center of Autler-Townes components. This idea of EIT may open new possibilities to various coherent processes, such as lasing without population inversion, enhanced refractive index without absorption], slow group velocity without absorption, enhanced nonlinearity without absorption, etc.
Interest in lossless nonlinearities has focussed on the dispersive properties of $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ systems under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We generalize the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system by introducing further degenerate states to realize a ``chain $\ensuremath{\Lambda}''$ atom where multiple coupling of the probe field significantly enhances the intensity-dependent dispersion without compromising the EIT condition.
Summary form only given.The prototype situation for both coherent population trapping and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) occurs in an ideal three-state atom. We show that, to obtain transparency and near unity refractive index, instead of tuning the lasers to a Ramanlike subset of the split transitions, one should tune the lasers to the centers of gravity of the splittings that are caused by the spectator momentum. We also report the first demonstration of EIT with pulsed lasers in an optically thick sample of atoms which exhibit hyperfine structure using this approach. We obtain the real and imaginary parts of the dipole moment for the multistate system by weak probe perturbation theory and numerical simulations.
The interaction of a weak probe laser with an inverted Y-type four-level atomic system driven by two additional coherent fields is investigated theoretically. Under the influence of the coherent coupling fields, the steady-state linear susceptibility of the probe laser shows that the system can have single or double electromagnetically induced transparency windows depending on the amplitude and the detuning of the coupling lasers. The corresponding index of refraction associated with the group velocity of the probe laser can be controlled at both transparency windows by the coupling fields. The propagation of the probe field can be switched from superluminal near the resonance to subluminal on resonance within the single transparency window when two coupling lasers are on resonance. We propose an atomic 87Rb system for experimental observation.