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Le Journal de Physique Colloques

INELASTIC COLLISIONS OF DRESSED ATOMS

David E. Pritchard, Alan L. Migdall, Robert E. Walkup

Published Jan 1, 1985• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Two level atoms which are subject to monochromatic laser radiation may be described using dressed states, which are time-varying coherent superpositions of these two levels. We argue that collisions can take these dressed atoms directly to a third level which is well separated in energy from the two radiatively coupled levels and we show how to express the rate for such collisions in terms of collision rates for the bare atomic levels. Data which verify these predictions are presented for Na-He collisions.

DOI
10.1051/jphyscol:1985126

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Two level atoms which are subject to monochromatic laser radiation may be described using dressed states, which are time-varying coherent superpositions of these two levels. We argue that collisions can take these dressed atoms directly to a third level which is well separated in energy from the two radiatively coupled levels and we show how to express the rate for such collisions in terms of collision rates for the bare atomic levels. Data which verify these predictions are presented for Na-He collisions.
Theory relevant to the treatment of resonance collisions between two-level dressed atoms has been extended to the three-level case in a self-contained calculation of field-dependent collision rates. With the laser field tuned close to the \ensuremath{\Vert}e1{\mathit{e}}_{1}e1​〉\ensuremath{\leftrightarrows}\ensuremath{\Vert}e2{\mathit{e}}_{2}e2​〉 transition, dressing of the upper two-level system is achieved. We solve coupled equations of motion for two-atom states that describe one atom in the ground state and the other in one of two dressed states. Dressed-state collision rates are calculated within the impact approximation using S-matrix theory. The coupled equations of motion are simplified in the limit of intense field. We have applied the theory to describe approximately collisions between Ne atoms in fields intense enough to dress the collision complex.
For a three-level atom in the ssV configuration (i.e., having two excited states each dipole-coupled to a common ground state), we have found a particular linear combination of bare-atom states in which Rabi oscillations and their associated collapses and revivals do not occur. Moving to a dressed-state picture, we discover that this particular linear combination state is just that dressed state which is decoupled from all the field modes. It is a dressed state for which the transition dipole moments with the other dressed states are zero. The existence of this decoupled dressed state depends on the tuning of the dressing laser field, which in turn depends on the bare-atom excited-state dipole moments and energy-level separation. When we include spontaneous emission, the population decays from the other dressed states into this decoupled state and remains coherently trapped there, producing a system that experiences no dynamical behavior. This is exact for \ensuremath{\delta}-function photon statistics (i.e., if there is no intensity uncertainty). The trapping becomes less perfect as the photon statistics are allowed to have a greater bandwidth. Also, if the applied field is tuned incorrectly, the spontaneous realignment of the atomic state amplitudes does not result in a totally decoupled dressed state, and the dynamics proceed normally.
Abstract : Work is summarized in areas of: Laser Assisted Collisions; Velocity Changing collisions in Atomic Vapors; Coherent Transients; Collision Induced Extra Resonances; Breakdown of the Optical Bloch Equations; Saturation Spectroscopy; Dynamics of Two-and Three-level Atoms Interacting with Radiation Fields; Pulse Propagation. Keywords: Laser spectroscopy, Optical collisions, Radiative collisions, Two-level atom, Atomic coherence, Degenerate four-wave mixing, Saturation spectroscopy, Laser propagation,, Dressed atom, Photon echo, Bloch equations, Collision kernal, Collisions, Optical noise.
Pressure-induced effects in nonlinear optics and spectroscopy are studied using a nonstandard-dressed-atom formalism for a set of two-level atoms. We consider a two-level atom interacting with two radiation fields whose frequencies differ by \ensuremath{\delta} and undergoing dephasing collisions with a perturber bath. The atom-field detunings are large compared with all relaxation rates in the problem. The system is described by a Hamiltonian of an atom dressed by a single-mode field with a coupling constant slowly varying in time at frequency \ensuremath{\delta}. We show that the collisionally aided excitation of the initially unpopulated dressed states is modulated in time. All the characteristics of the pressure-induced effects are deduced from the properties of this time-modulated excitation. Apart from already known phenomena (pressure-induced extra resonances in four-wave mixing, pressure-induced phase shifts, etc.) that are reinterpreted using this approach, we present a new effect that can be described as fluorescence beats. Finally, we show that this approach gives a firm basis for use of a model involving collision-induced gratings and we interpret the pressure-induced effects in the context of this model.
A semiclassical approach to the dressed-atom theory is presented in which dressed energies and states are determined from the solutions of the semiclassical coupled equations for the atomic probability amplitudes. The semiclassical approach has an advantage over the standard quantum-mechanical approach, especially when an atom interacting with a nonmonochromatic field is considered, because the standard approach requires diagonalization of an infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian matrix for an evaluation of dressed energies and states. Explicit expressions for dressed states of a two-level atom interacting with a resonant monochromatic, bichromatic, and trichromatic field are given.
We discuss radiative corrections to an atomic two-level system subject to an intense driving laser field. It is shown that the Lamb shift of the laser-dressed states, which are the natural state basis of the combined atom-laser system, cannot be explained in terms of the Lamb shift received by the atomic bare states which is usually observed in spectroscopic experiments. In the final part, we propose an experimental scheme to measure these corrections based on the incoherent resonance fluorescence spectrum of the driven atom.