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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Large-Sanalysis of one-dimensional quantum-spin models in a transverse magnetic field

Diptiman Sen, Bikas K. Chakrabarti

Published Mar 1, 1990• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We analyze the zero-temperature phase diagram of two kinds of one-dimensional quantum-spin models in a transverse magnetic field. The first kind has uniform nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic and next-nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic couplings. A spin-wave analysis indicates the presence of several (possibly an infinite number of) commensurate modulated phases in the phase diagram. The three most prominent phases are paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, and a q=(1/4 phase of period four. The second kind of model is a spin-glass with only nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic interactions whose strengths are random and are characterized by a probability function. A classical large-S analysis shows the existence of a Griffiths phase lying in between a low-magnetic-field ferromagnetic phase and a high-magnetic-field paramagnetic phase. We present two order parameters that can together distinguish between the three phases.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.41.4713

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We analyze the zero-temperature phase diagram of two kinds of one-dimensional quantum-spin models in a transverse magnetic field. The first kind has uniform nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic and next-nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic couplings. A spin-wave analysis indicates the presence of several (possibly an infinite number of) commensurate modulated phases in the phase diagram. The three most prominent phases are paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, and a q=(1/4 phase of period four. The second kind of model is a spin-glass with only nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic interactions whose strengths are random and are characterized by a probability function. A classical large-S analysis shows the existence of a Griffiths phase lying in between a low-magnetic-field ferromagnetic phase and a high-magnetic-field paramagnetic phase. We present two order parameters that can together distinguish between the three phases.
We study the large-S limit of a one-dimensional quantum spin model in a transverse magnetic field. For S=1/2, this is dual to the quantum Hamiltonian limit of the two-dimensional axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising model. The phase diagram has three regions; paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, and a modulated phase of period 2. The Peschel-Emery curve is discovered to be a disorder line. The long-distance correlation functions behave differently on the two sides of the line, and the correlation length goes to zero upon approaching it from either side.
The critical properties of the one-dimensional spin-1/2 transverse Ising model in the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field were studied by the quantum fidelity method. We used exact diagonalization to obtain the ground-state energies and corresponding eigenvectors for lattice sizes up to 24 spins. The maximum of the fidelity susceptibility was used to locate the various phase boundaries present in the system. The type of dominant spin ordering for each phase was identified by examining the corresponding ground-state eigenvector. For a given antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor interaction J_{2}, we calculated the fidelity susceptibility as a function of the transverse field B_{x} and the longitudinal field B_{z}. The phase diagram in the (B_{x},B_{z})-plane shows three phases. These findings are in contrast with the published literature that claims that the system has only two phases. For B_{x}<1, we observed an antiferromagnetic phase for small values of B_{z} and a paramagnetic phase for large values of B_{z}. For B_{x}>1 and low B_{z}, we found a disordered phase that undergoes a second-order phase transition to a paramagnetic phase for large values of B_{z}.
We report a Monte Carlo study of the effects of fluctuations in the bond distribution of Ising spin glasses in a transverse magnetic field, in the paramagnetic phase in the T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0 limit. Rare, strong fluctuations give rise to Griffiths singularities, which can dominate the zero-temperature behavior of these quantum systems, as originally demonstrated by McCoy for one-dimensional (d=1) systems. Our simulations are done on a square lattice in d=2 and a cubic lattice in d=3, for a Gaussian distribution of nearest neighbor (only) bonds. In d=2, where the linear susceptibility was found to diverge at the critical transverse field strength ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\mathit{c}}$ for the order-disorder phase transition at T=0, the average nonlinear susceptibility ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}_{\mathrm{nl}}$ diverges in the paramagnetic phase for \ensuremath{\Gamma} well above ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\mathit{c}}$, as is also demonstrated in the accompanying paper by Rieger and Young. In d=3, the linear susceptibility remains finite at ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\mathit{c}}$, and while Griffiths singularity effects are certainly observable in the paramagnetic phase, the nonlinear susceptibility appears to diverge only rather close to ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\mathit{c}}$. These results show that Griffiths singularities remain persistent in dimensions above one (where they are known to be strong), though their magnitude decreases monotonically with increasing dimensionality (there being no Griffiths singularities in the limit of infinite dimensionality). \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Several exactly solvable quantum spin models with incommensurate magnetic structures, which manifest quantum phase transitions between incommensurate and commensurate phases, are proposed. The ground-state and thermodynamic characteristics of these quantum spin antiferromagnetic models with the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya antisymmetric exchange interaction and spin-frustrating next-nearest-neighbor, three-spin, and four-spin (ring exchange) interactions are exactly studied. We investigated the ground state phases of the considered models, as function of the magnetic anisotropy, Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction, next-nearest-neighbor coupling constants, and external magnetic field. Several quantum phase transitions between magnetically incommensurate phases and between incommensurate and ferromagnetic phases are predicted, and the behavior of thermodynamic characteristics of those models at phase transitions is studied. We have shown that for models with chiral three-spin interactions the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya coupling yields the onset of the weak ferromagnetism, similar to three-dimensional ordered antiferromagnets, but not present in other quantum spin chains with the antisymmetric exchange. Considered models appeared to be important for several quasi-one-dimensional spin systems, studied in recent experiments.
The phase diagram of the ppp-spin-interacting spin glass model in a transverse field is investigated in the limit p→∞p \to \inftyp→∞ under the presence of ferromagnetic bias. Using the replica method and the static approximation, we show that the phase diagram consists of four phases: Quantum paramagnetic, classical paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, and spin-glass phases. We also show that the static approximation is valid in the ferromagnetic phase in the limit p→∞p \to \inftyp→∞ by using the large-ppp expansion. Since the same approximation is already known to be valid in other phases, we conclude that the obtained phase diagram is exact.
The phase diagram of the ppp-spin-interacting spin glass model in a transverse field is investigated in the limit p→∞p \to \inftyp→∞ under the presence of ferromagnetic bias. Using the replica method and the static approximation, we show that the phase diagram consists of four phases: Quantum paramagnetic, classical paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, and spin-glass phases. We also show that the static approximation is valid in the ferromagnetic phase in the limit p→∞p \to \inftyp→∞ by using the large-ppp expansion. Since the same approximation is already known to be valid in other phases, we conclude that the obtained phase diagram is exact.