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Journal of the Optical Society of Korea

Effect of Chirped Grating on Optical Bistability in λ/4-shifted Semiconductor DFB Devices

Young‐Il Kim, Tae‐Hoon Yoon, Seok Lee, Sun-Ho Kim

Published Mar 1, 2001• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this work, we studied the effect of chirped grating on optical bistability in λ/4-shifted semiconductor distributed-feedback(DFB) devices, such as an etalon with nonlinear mirrors, a λ/4-shifted DFB waveguide and aλ/4-shifted DFB laser amplifier. We found that chirped DFB devices exhibit bistable switching at a lower input power.OCIS code : 050.2770, 190.1450, 190.5970, 230.0230.

DOI
10.3807/josk.2001.5.1.005

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In this work, we studied the effect of chirped grating on optical bistability in λ/4-shifted semiconductor distributed-feedback(DFB) devices, such as an etalon with nonlinear mirrors, a λ/4-shifted DFB waveguide and aλ/4-shifted DFB laser amplifier. We found that chirped DFB devices exhibit bistable switching at a lower input power.OCIS code : 050.2770, 190.1450, 190.5970, 230.0230.
We use spatial chirp of the built-in grating to improve optical bistability on reflection from distributed feedback semiconductor laser amplifiers. We show that improvements in the on-off switching ratio occur because spatial chirp greatly affects the saturation behavior of the reflectivity resonances, allowing access to states of low reflection during bistable switching. We also show that spatial chirp modifies the spectral range of the variety of hysteresis shapes that occur on reflection. In doing so, we discover a new type of hysteresis loop that reveals a qualitative difference between the loop-shaped hystereses occurring near the two edges of the stop band. With spatial chirp, the new hysteresis loop can exhibit an on-off switching ratio in excess of 100000.
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Optical bistability (OB) behavior in quarter-wave-shift (QWS) distributed coupling coefficient (DCC) distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor laser amplifiers (SLApsilas) is investigated. The simulations are based on a modified transfer-matrix method, which considers grating non-uniformities along the structure as well as gain saturation effect. Switching characteristics, including structural dependence of OB in QWS DCC DFB SLApsilas is demonstrated in the steady state regime. Time-dependent analysis of OB is performed as well, and the dynamics of optical switching is demonstrated.
We recently presented a theory of bistability in a nonlinear distributed-feedback (DFB) structure,1 in that work the coupling between forward and backward propagating waves was provided solely by Bragg-scattering from a periodic index perturbation built into the otherwise homogeneous medium. With the recent demonstration of bistability in the high-index semiconductors GaAs2 and InSb,3 it is clear that the external feedback due to Fresnel reflections will play a major role in any practical DFB bistable optical device. These end reflections have already been considered in the case of semiconductor DFB lasers.4 In this paper we show that even minor end reflections can drastically alter the switching threshold of DFB bistable optical devices.