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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Measurement of a π Stokes phase jump in spontaneously initiated stimulated Raman scattering

Yasuhiro Akiyama, Katsumi Midorikawa, Minoru Obara, Hideo Tashiro

Published Dec 1, 1991• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The π phase jump generated spontaneously in stimulated Raman scattering, which is the origin of Raman soliton formation, has been investigated. The probability of Raman soliton generation is measured as a function of the pressure of the Raman medium and the pump intensity. The relation between the soliton’s shape and the magnitude of the phase jump has been revealed by homodyne phase detection of the Stokes phase. These results are compared with numerical calculation, and qualitative agreement is obtained. The stochastic nature of Raman soliton generation is discussed in terms of the phase jump’s magnitude and evolution through the Raman medium.

DOI
10.1364/josab.8.002459

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arXiv:solv-int/9703007•Mar 10, 1997•1 citation
The π phase jump generated spontaneously in stimulated Raman scattering, which is the origin of Raman soliton formation, has been investigated. The probability of Raman soliton generation is measured as a function of the pressure of the Raman medium and the pump intensity. The relation between the soliton’s shape and the magnitude of the phase jump has been revealed by homodyne phase detection of the Stokes phase. These results are compared with numerical calculation, and qualitative agreement is obtained. The stochastic nature of Raman soliton generation is discussed in terms of the phase jump’s magnitude and evolution through the Raman medium.
The formalism of Englund and Bowden [Phys. Rev. A 42, 2870 (1990)] is used to conduct a detailed investigation into the statistics of spontaneously generated Raman solitons and their origin in phase waves. Two approaches are adopted. In one, a Monte Carlo simulation of the stochastic differential equations describing stimulated Raman scattering is carried out, with quantum noise entering through the Stokes vacuum. The other involves determining analytically the field statistics in the quantum-initiation regime, finding the corresponding phase-wave statistics, and determining numerically the class of phase waves that appear in the nonlinear regime as solitons. Computations involving quasi-Gaussian and rectangular pump-pulse profiles consistently indicate soliton yields of roughly 10% and 4%, respectively; differences in the distributions of soliton delay times and peak intensities are also indicated. The Monte Carlo method is adapted to the experimental parameter values of MacPherson et al. [Phys. Rev. A 40, 6745 (1989)], and gives yields and distribution in good accord with the experiment.
Although \ensuremath{\pi} phase shifts in an input Stokes beam are known to initiate soliton formation in a Raman amplifier, the observed shot-to-shot amplitude fluctuations have gone unexplained. It has been suggested that recently observed frequency shifts caused by quantum fluctuations may be related to the observed soliton decay. We show that frqequency shifts of the magnitude observed from these quantum fluctuations lead to soliton decay, and thus, are indeed the probable cause of observed soliton decay.
Theoretical and experimental details of initiating and amplifying a Stokes pulse using stimulated Raman scattering in H2 are presented.Statistics associated with the spectral fluctuations of a Stokes seed pulse have been measured and theoretically calculated.The spectral fluctuations are shown to result from quantum noise associated with spontaneous initiation.These spectral fluctuations are an example of an easily measurable macroscopic fluctuation of quantum origin.The effects of frequency fluctuations on the generation of solitons in the nonlinear regime of stimulated Raman scattering are calculated and measured.A detailed derivation of the fully quantum mechanical stimulated Raman scattering equations is given along with their solution for various approximations.The driven Maxwell's equation for the Raman system is derived from the system Hamiltonian.For treating the quantum initiation of stimulated Raman scattering, the radiation field is expanded in localized coherent modes.The details of calculating and using these modes to generate an ensemble of Stokes pulses are presented along with specific examples and ensemble average statistics.The use of localized modes for treating the pulsed cavityless Raman laser gives insight into the spontaneous initiation of Stokes pulses.iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I feel very fortunate to have had Dr. John Carlsten for my thesis adviser.I would like to thank John for making graduate school an enjoyable part of life and for the many hours o f stimulating discussions on fundamental physics.I am also greatly indebted to my wife, Susie, for filling my big lunch bag every morning and for her many hours spent typing this thesis