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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Density-dependent modifications of the transition spectrum of an atom located inside cold atomic ensemble

A. S. Kuraptsev

Published Mar 18, 2015• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

On the basis of general theoretical results developed in our group previously [Sokolov I M et al 2011 J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 112 246], the transition spectrum of a single atom inside cold atomic ensemble is analyzed under conditions when the averaged interatomic separation is less than or comparable with the wavelength of resonant radiation. Density-dependent shifts of resonance as well as distortion of the spectral shape of the atomic transition are investigated.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/594/1/012047

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On the basis of general theoretical results developed in our group previously [Sokolov I M et al 2011 J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 112 246], the transition spectrum of a single atom inside cold atomic ensemble is analyzed under conditions when the averaged interatomic separation is less than or comparable with the wavelength of resonant radiation. Density-dependent shifts of resonance as well as distortion of the spectral shape of the atomic transition are investigated.
On the basis of the general theoretical results developed previously (Sokolov et al 2011 J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 112 246) we calculate the light transmission coefficient of a disordered dense ensemble of motionless atomic scatterers. We analyze dependence of this coefficient on thickness of the ensemble as well as on frequency of the light. This analysis shows no manifestation of light localization effects, even in those parameter regimes where the Ioffe–Regel criterion of strong localization is satisfied. An analogous calculation made in the framework of scalar approximation when the vector character of light is neglected demonstrates strong localization under some conditions.
On the basis of general theoretical results developed previously in [JETP 112, 246 (2011)], we analyze the atomic polarization created by weak monochromatic light in an optically thick, dense, and cold atomic ensemble. We show that the amplitude of the polarization averaged over a uniform random atomic distribution decreases exponentially beyond the boundary regions. The phase of this polarization increases linearly with increasing penetration into the medium. On these grounds, we determine numerically the wavelength of the light in the dense atomic medium, its extinction coefficient, and the complex refractive index and dielectric constant of the medium. The dispersion of the permittivity is investigated for different atomic densities. It is shown that, for dense clouds, the real part of the permittivity is negative in some spectral domains.
We study the collective radiation properties of cold, trapped ensembles of atoms. We consider the high-density regime with the mean interatomic distance being comparable to, or smaller than, the wavelength of the resonant optical radiation emitted by the atoms. We find that the emission rate of a photon from an excited atomic ensemble is strongly enhanced for an elongated cloud. We analyze collective single-excitation eigenstates of the atomic ensemble and find that the absorption-emission spectrum is broadened and shifted to lower frequencies as compared to the noninteracting (low-density) or single-atom spectrum. We also analyze the spatial and temporal profile of the emitted radiation. Finally, we explore how to efficiently excite the collective superradiant states of the atomic ensemble from a long-lived storage state in order to implement matter-light interfaces for quantum computation and communication applications.
The temporal behavior of a single quantum system may contain information, for instance, about macroscopic dark periods in electron shelving, which is washed out or even lost in ensemble averages. The same is true in principle for spectral information. For example, for an atom with light and dark periods one might try to spectrally analyze the light emitted in a light period of given length or, more generally, the light emitted into one solid angle while monitoring the temporal emission in another solid angle. Considering different emission behaviors one may get different spectra, i.e., spectra that are dependent on the conditions imposed. In this paper, such questions, in particular the notion of spectrum in a light period, are studied. To this end we generalize the recent quantum jump approach to include resonance-fluorescence spectra of single atoms. We explicitly show that the theory developed in this paper easily generalizes, e.g., to absorption spectra. We apply the theory to a V system that has one metastable level and that may exhibit intermittent fluorescence when driven by two lasers. We show that the spectrum of resonance fluorescence of the complete ensemble differs substantially from that observed in a light period. A physical explanation of this behavior is presented. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
On the basis of the general theoretical approach developed previously by Fofanov et al. [Ya. A. Fofanov et al., Phys. Rev. A 84, 053811 (2011)], we analyze the atomic polarization created by weak monochromatic light in an optically thick, dense, and cold atomic ensemble placed in an electrostatic field. On this basis, we determine complex refractive indexes and the permittivity tensor of the medium. We analyze the dispersion of the permittivity and its dependence on the strength of the field and on the density of the medium. We show that electro-optic effects in dilute and cold gases differ essentially from those in dense ones. In the latter case, electric field modifies the shape, amplitude, and typical linewidth of the atomic resonance. The electric field also modifies the collective Lamb shift. Observed peculiarities are explained as a result of the indirect influence of the field on optical properties of dense gases through modification of polyatomic collective effects caused by interatomic dipole-dipole interactions.