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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Sub-shot-noise photon-number correlation in the parties of a mesoscopic twin-beam

Maria Bondani, Alessia Allevi, Guido Zambra, Matteo G. A. Paris, Alessandra Andreoni

Published Jun 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This work demonstrates sub-shot-noise limit (SNL) correlations between the photon numbers detected (~ 1000/pulse) in the two parties of a frequency non-degenerate ps-pulsed twin-beam that is obtained by a type I SPDC interaction in a beta-BaB2O4crystal of 4-mm thickness (Fujian Castech Crystals, China) pumped by the frequency-tripled output ( lambdap= 349 nm) of a cw mode-locked Nd:YLF laser regeneratively amplified at 500 Hz (high Q laser production, Austria).

DOI
10.1109/cleoe-iqec.2007.4386943

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This work demonstrates sub-shot-noise limit (SNL) correlations between the photon numbers detected (~ 1000/pulse) in the two parties of a frequency non-degenerate ps-pulsed twin-beam that is obtained by a type I SPDC interaction in a beta-BaB2O4crystal of 4-mm thickness (Fujian Castech Crystals, China) pumped by the frequency-tripled output ( lambdap= 349 nm) of a cw mode-locked Nd:YLF laser regeneratively amplified at 500 Hz (high Q laser production, Austria).
We demonstrate sub-shot-noise photon-number correlations in a (temporal) multimode mesoscopic ($\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{3}$ detected photons) twin beam produced by picosecond-pulsed spontaneous nondegenerate parametric down-conversion. We have separately detected the signal and idler distributions of photons collected in twin coherence areas and found that the variance of the photon-count difference goes below the shot-noise limit by 3.25dB3.25\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{dB}3.25dB. The number of temporal modes contained in the twin beam, as well as the size of the twin coherence areas, depends on the pump intensity. Our scheme is based on spontaneous down-conversion and thus does not suffer from limitations due to the finite gain of the parametric process. Twin beams are also used to demonstrate the conditional preparation of a nonclassical (sub-Poissonian) state.
We demonstrate, by direct measurement of the number of photons in signal and idler, that the twin-beam of light produced by ps-pulsed spontaneous parametric downconversion is endowed with sub-shot-noise photon-number correlations in a mesoscopic intensity regime (more than 1000 detected photons). The noise reduction, calculated from the variance of the difference in the numbers of detected-photons, resulted to be 3.25 dB below the shot-noise level. From experimental data we can recover joint photon-number distribution and a negative-valued joint signal-idler quasi-distributions of integrated intensities, which demonstrates the nonclassical character of the generated field.
We have measured whole-pulse photon statistics of macroscopic twin pulses of light generated by coherently seeding a two-mode optical parametric amplifier equally in each mode. We are able to produce 300 ps, near-transform-limited twin pulses (\ensuremath{\sim}106{10}^{6}106 photons) with a difference photon number having a variance measured to be 73% below the shot-noise level. We have measured probability distributions of the photoelectron difference number, which are the only photoelectron distributions in the macroscopic regime which cannot be explained using standard semiclassical detection theory.
Recently, we have observed as much as 7 dB of quantum-noise reduction in the direct difference detection of twin-beam signal and idler outputs from a traveling-wave optical parametric amplifier (OPA).1 The OPA, which consists of a type-II phase-matched KTiOPO4 crystal, is pumped by the second harmonic of a mode-locked and Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Here we describe an experiment in which we used these twin-beam pulses to improve on the optimal (shot-noise-limited) direct-detection signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that can be achieved with coherent-state pulses of light of the same peak power.
Widely frequency-tunable quantum-correlated twin beams have been experimentally demonstrated. The noise of the intensity difference between the signal and idler beams of the twin beams is reduced to more than 3 dB below the shot noise limit (SNL) throughout a wavelength-tuning range of 5.6 nm. A continuously frequency-tuning range of 2.8 GHz appears around the center wavelength of 1041.506 nm, where the maximum noise reduction of about 5.3 dB is observed. The tunable twin beams are used in frequency modulation (FM) spectroscopy of Cs 2 molecules and a spectrum with a sensitivity of about 4 dB beyond that of the SNL is obtained.
Nondegenerate optical parametric oscillators generate above-threshold signal and idler beams that have intensity fluctuations correlated at the quantum level (twin beams). We describe what is to our knowledge the first high-sensitivity spectroscopy experiment using twin beams emitted by a cw optical parametric oscillator: a very weak two-photon absorption signal, in the 10(-7) range, is recorded on the 4S(1/2)-5S(1/2) transition of atomic potassium with a noise background that is reduced by 1.9 dB with respect to the shot-noise limit of the light used in the experiment.