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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Stimulated resonance scattering of light waves in laser crystals with a population inversion

Oleg L. Antipov, Sergey I. Belyaev, A.S. Kuzhelev

Published Jan 1, 1996• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A new type of stimulated scattering of light is discovered in a Nd:YAG laser crystal with a population inversion. The scattering occurs for light at the resonance frequency of the laser transition, with a small anti-Stokes shift. It is shown that the effect is due to the appearance of a wave of population of the metastable level and the associated traveling index grating in a laser medium with different polarizability of the excited and unexcited atoms.

DOI
10.1134/1.566956

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European Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC)•Jan 1, 1996•0 citations
A new type of stimulated scattering of light is discovered in a Nd:YAG laser crystal with a population inversion. The scattering occurs for light at the resonance frequency of the laser transition, with a small anti-Stokes shift. It is shown that the effect is due to the appearance of a wave of population of the metastable level and the associated traveling index grating in a laser medium with different polarizability of the excited and unexcited atoms.
Summary form only given. There are a number of the well-known kinds of stimulated scattering in Nd:YAG laser crystals, including Raman scattering, Brillouin scattering, and thermal scattering. In this report we present for the first time the study of another type of stimulated scattering of the light beam with resonance frequency in the inverted media. The mechanism of this stimulated scattering is connected with the diffraction of the original beam on the moving refractive index grating caused by the wave of the metastable level population induced by the interference field of the incident wave and the scattered wave.
A theory is given of the stimulated scattering of light as a result of interaction of a strong electromagnetic wave with a dynamic grating (wave) of the population N of an excited state if N affects the refractive index of the medium. The medium is regarded as an assembly of two-level systems and the dependence of the permittivity ε on N is assumed to be linearized. If δε / δ N <0, the amplification due to the stimulated scattering is expected in the anti-Stokes region on illumination of an unexcited medium. Under lasing conditions the amplification should occur in the Stokes region of the strong electromagnetic field (wave). This mechanism may be the cause of the mutual coupling between laser modes.
The mechanism for refractive-index changes that accompany changes in population during pumping and amplification of an optical beam is studied in a Nd:YAG laser crystal by both resonant four-wave mixing and interferometric techniques. It is found that these refractive-index changes (connected with the difference in polarizability of excited and unexcited Nd3+ ions) have two components: a small noninertial component that accompanies an amplified optical pulse and the major changes that are intensified with a delay time of ∼3 µs. The latter effect is explained by population (or depopulation) of a higher-lying energy level 2(F2)5/2 of the 4f electron shell of Nd3+ ions, which has large polarizability in near-IR and visible light. The real part of the nonlinear optical resonant susceptibility of the inverted Nd:YAG caused by the refractive-index changes is also discussed.
Summary form only given. The authors experimental and theoretical investigations confirmed existence of refractive index grating (RIG) accompanied by population grating in inverted Nd:YAG laser. This result is in good agreement with our recent investigations of degenerate two-wave mixing and stimulated resonant backscattering of the optical beam in Nd:YAG laser amplifiers. The RIG in inverted Nd:YAG must be taken into account for understanding the nonlinear interactions of optical waves in laser amplifiers and oscillators.