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Physical Review Letters

Motion of Negative Ions Along Quantized Vortex Lines

William I. Glaberson, D. M. Strayer, Russell James Donnelly

Published Jun 17, 1968• 52 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The motion of negative ions trapped in quantized vortex lines in rotating helium II has been measured down to 0.8\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K by means of a time-of-flight apparatus. Trapped ions always move more slowly than free ions at the same temperature. The contribution of the extra retardation due to the vortex line appears to vary as $\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{\mathrm{kT}})$, where $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{k}=1.87\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$K between 0.8 and 1.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.20.1428

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•May 31, 2007•0 citations
The motion of negative ions trapped in quantized vortex lines in rotating helium II has been measured down to 0.8\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K by means of a time-of-flight apparatus. Trapped ions always move more slowly than free ions at the same temperature. The contribution of the extra retardation due to the vortex line appears to vary as exp(\ensuremath−\ensuremathΔkT)\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{\mathrm{kT}})exp(\ensuremath−kT\ensuremathΔ​), where \ensuremathΔk=1.87\ifmmode∘\else\textdegree\fi\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{k}=1.87\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}k\ensuremathΔ​=1.87\ifmmode∘\else\textdegree\fiK between 0.8 and 1.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K.
The mobility of negative ions trapped on linear vortices in rotating superfluid helium has been measured by a time-of-flight technique in the temperature range $0.8\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{K}<T<1.6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{K}$. Measurements could not be extended below 0.8\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K because, contrary to the present theory, the ion escape rate became too large. No evidence of direct trapping of positive ions by vortex lines was observed down to 0.4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The trapped-ion mobility is interpreted in terms of scattering of the ion by thermal distributions of quantized vortex waves and rotons localized about the vortex axis.
The lifetimes of both positive and negative ions trapped on quantized vortex lines in rotating 3He^{3}\mathrm{He}3He-4He^{4}\mathrm{He}4He mixtures have been measured at temperatures down to 0.1 K. Evidence is found that the 3He^{3}\mathrm{He}3He condenses at the vortex core, and possibly at the surface of the electron bubble.
Negative-ion trapping has been investigated in rotating liquid helium at temperatures above 1.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. We report measurements of the ion-capture width versus temperature and electric field (from 5 to 100 V/cm). The theory of the effect is reviewed and discussed and is shown to be in excellent agreement with experiment. Owing mainly to the insensitivity, at low ratios of electric field to temperature, of the capture width to the properties of the ion-vortex potential well, we are able to deduce only that the well must be larger than the ionic mean free path.
Abstract Ions and electron bubbles are captured by the vortex lines which occur in a rotating superfluid sample. Once captured, however, the charges can move along the quantized vortex lines. On one hand, this degree of freedom allows the researcher to use ions to detect the appearance of single, quantized vortex lines. On the other hand, the study of the ion motion along the lines gives important pieces of information on the structure and dynamics of vortices. In fact, the ion motion along the lines is limited by scattering on 3He impurities captured by the vorticity field and by vortex waves, i.e., columnar oscillation of the vortex lines. Experiments and theory of vortex wave-, roton, and 3He impurity scattering on vortex lines are described.