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Physical Review A

Light-shift-induced spin echoes in aJ=1/2 atomic ground state

Martin Rosatzin, Dieter Suter, J. Mlynek

Published Aug 1, 1990• 45 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on a spin-echo phenomenon that is induced between Zeeman sublevels by two laser pulses close to an optical resonance. The echo formation is due to a Zeeman light shift during the second off-resonant pulse; this light pulse creates a fictitious magnetic field that leads to the phase reversal of the spins. Our experimental results on the $^{2}$${\mathit{S}}_{1/2}$ sodium ground state are in good qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.42.1839

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We report on optically induced spin-echo phenomena associated with Zeeman coherences in a sublevel manifold. The experiments on the ground state of sodium show multiple echoes occurring periodically after a double-pulse excitation sequence in an inhomogeneous magnetic field. The echo formation mechanism is attributed to a light-shift-induced transfer of sublevel coherence among the nondegenerate substates. This mechanism is verified experimentally, using a modulated excitation scheme with subsequent phase-sensitive detection.
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We studied the optical manipulation of spin coherence in rubidium atoms by using polarization spectroscopy with the pump-probe technique. Two types of optically induced spin echoes, namely on- and off-resonant manipulations, whose creation mechanism are the optical pumping effect and the light shift effect, respectively, are studied theoretically and experimentally. A theory of optically induced spin echoes that can be applied to both types of spin echoes is considered by using the density matrix, and a general expression for the refocusing efficiency of the control pulse is presented. The effect of the off-resonant manipulation was examined by using light pulses of two frequencies provided by two lasers. Vector models for the two types of spin echoes are presented, and the observed dependences of the frequency and the duration of the control pulse on the spin-echo intensity are suitably explained by the theoretically derived refocusing efficiency. The off-resonant manipulation gives the possibility of arbitrary-angle spin rotation around an arbitrary axis.
We report detailed studies of freely evolving Zeeman coherence (Zeeman quantum beats) observed after optically pumping a gas of Na atoms and suddenly turning off the light field. This Zeeman coherence corresponds to a macroscopic magnetization that precesses in an external magnetic field; it is detected with a cw optical probe beam by using polarization-selective detection of the transmitted light. The amplitude and the phase of the signal show a pronounced variation with laser intensity, laser detuning, and the strength of the magnetic field. This dependence was measured on the 3s2S1/2 ground state of sodium, using the D1 line for optical excitation and detection. The experimental data are compared with theoretical predictions based on a Bloch-type equation of motion for an optically driven spin system in a J = 1/2 ground state.
We report on spin precession experiments using a 7Li{}^{7}\mathrm{Li}7Li atomic beam, which offers a perturbation-free environment to investigate spin dynamics under the influence of external fields. The ground-state magnetic moments perform a Larmor precession in a ``fictitious magnetic field'' induced by an off-resonant, circularly polarized laser beam. For a fictitious magnetic field parallel to a real one, we observe additional rotation of the spins, whereas an echo is observed if both fields are perpendicular with respect to each other. The systematics of these phenomena are studied.