Starting from a 2D magneto-optical trap where cesium atoms are permanently subjected to 3D sub-Doppler cooling and 2D magneto-optical trapping, we have produced a beam of cold atoms continuously extracted along the trap axis. The simplest extraction mechanism, presently used, is the drift velocity induced by a constant magnetic field. We have used this continuous beam of atoms to produce Ramsey fringes in a microwave cavity as a first demonstration of an atomic resonator operating continuously with laser cooled atoms. The shape of the resonance pattern allows an estimate of the axial temperature, typically 200 μK. The average velocity can be adjusted from 0.7 to 3 m/s; the trap-to-atomic-beam conversion efficiency is close to one.Starting from a 2D magneto-optical trap where cesium atoms are permanently subjected to 3D sub-Doppler cooling and 2D magneto-optical trapping, we have produced a beam of cold atoms continuously extracted along the trap axis. The simplest extraction mechanism, presently used, is the drift velocity induced by a constant magnetic field. We have used this continuous beam of atoms to produce Ramsey fringes in a microwave cavity as a first demonstration of an atomic resonator operating continuously with laser cooled atoms. The shape of the resonance pattern allows an estimate of the axial temperature, typically 200 μK. The average velocity can be adjusted from 0.7 to 3 m/s; the trap-to-atomic-beam conversion efficiency is close to one.

Europhysics Letters (EPL)Jan 15, 199844 citations

A continuous cold atomic beam from a magneto-optical trap

Cacciapuoti L., M. G. CUSELLA DE ANGELIS, Guglielmo Maria Tino +1 more

Jan 1, 20010 citations

Intense source of cold cesium atoms based on a two-dimensional magneto–optical trap with independent axial cooling and pushing

黄家强, 颜学术, 吴晨菲 +2 more

We report our studies on an intense source of cold cesium atoms based on a two-dimensional(2D) magneto–optical trap(MOT) with independent axial cooling and pushing.The new-designed source,proposed as 2D-HP MOT,uses hollow laser beams for axial cooling and a thin pushing laser beam to extract a cold atomic beam.With the independent pushing beam,the atomic flux can be substantially optimized.The total atomic flux maximum obtained in the 2D-HP MOT is4.02 × 1010atoms/s,increased by 60 percent compared to the traditional 2D+MOT in our experiment.Moreover,with the pushing power 10 μW and detuning 0Γ,the 2D-HP MOT can generate a rather intense atomic beam with the concomitant light shift suppressed by a factor of 20.The axial velocity distribution of the cold cesium beams centers at 6.8 m/s with an FMHW of about 2.8 m/s.The dependences of the atomic flux on the pushing power and detuning are studied in detail.The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical model.We report our studies on an intense source of cold cesium atoms based on a two-dimensional(2D) magneto–optical trap(MOT) with independent axial cooling and pushing.The new-designed source,proposed as 2D-HP MOT,uses hollow laser beams for axial cooling and a thin pushing laser beam to extract a cold atomic beam.With the independent pushing beam,the atomic flux can be substantially optimized.The total atomic flux maximum obtained in the 2D-HP MOT is4.02 × 1010atoms/s,increased by 60 percent compared to the traditional 2D+MOT in our experiment.Moreover,with the pushing power 10 μW and detuning 0Γ,the 2D-HP MOT can generate a rather intense atomic beam with the concomitant light shift suppressed by a factor of 20.The axial velocity distribution of the cold cesium beams centers at 6.8 m/s with an FMHW of about 2.8 m/s.The dependences of the atomic flux on the pushing power and detuning are studied in detail.The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical model.

中国物理B：英文版Jan 1, 20160 citations

Bright, slow, and continuous beam of laser-cooled cesium atoms

P. Berthoud, E. Fretel, P. Thomann

By the moving molasses technique we have extracted laser-cooled cesium atoms in a continuous way directly from an optical molasses. The mean launching velocity is precisely tunable from 1 to 12 m/s. The atomic beam has a flux of $1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{8} \mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}$ at 7 m/s and a longitudinal temperature of $70 \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K},$ which represents the highest flux and lowest velocity spread obtained so far in a continuous beam of cold atoms. These features makes it well suited for atomic fountains. The atomic flux can be slightly increased in a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap operation $(+40%).$ A simple model accounts for the observed dependence of the flux with the magnetic-field gradient.By the moving molasses technique we have extracted laser-cooled cesium atoms in a continuous way directly from an optical molasses. The mean launching velocity is precisely tunable from 1 to 12 m/s. The atomic beam has a flux of $1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{8} \mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}$ at 7 m/s and a longitudinal temperature of $70 \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K},$ which represents the highest flux and lowest velocity spread obtained so far in a continuous beam of cold atoms. These features makes it well suited for atomic fountains. The atomic flux can be slightly increased in a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap operation $(+40%).$ A simple model accounts for the observed dependence of the flux with the magnetic-field gradient.

Physical Review ADec 1, 199941 citations

(+40%).

A simple model accounts for the observed dependence of the flux with the magnetic-field gradient.