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Journal of Physics Condensed Matter

Formation of spin-polarons in the ferromagnetic Kondo lattice model away from half-filling

Y. Arredondo, Emmanuel Vallejo, Oracio Navarro, M. Avignon

Published Jul 27, 2012• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Even though realistic one-dimensional experiments in the field of half-metallic semiconductors are not at hand yet, we are interested in the underlying fundamental physics. In this regard we study a one-dimensional ferromagnetic Kondo lattice model, a model in which a conduction band is coupled ferromagnetically to a background of localized d moments with coupling constant J(H), and investigate the T = 0 phase diagram as a function of the antiferromagnetic interaction J between the localized moments and the band-filling n, since it has been observed that doping of the compounds has led to formation of magnetic domains. We explore the spin-polaron formation by looking at the nearest-neighbour correlation functions in the spin and charge regimes for which we use the density matrix renormalization group method, which is a highly efficient method to investigate quasi-one-dimensional strongly correlated systems.

DOI
10.1088/0953-8984/24/33/335601

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Even though realistic one-dimensional experiments in the field of half-metallic semiconductors are not at hand yet, we are interested in the underlying fundamental physics. In this regard we study a one-dimensional ferromagnetic Kondo lattice model, a model in which a conduction band is coupled ferromagnetically to a background of localized d moments with coupling constant J(H), and investigate the T = 0 phase diagram as a function of the antiferromagnetic interaction J between the localized moments and the band-filling n, since it has been observed that doping of the compounds has led to formation of magnetic domains. We explore the spin-polaron formation by looking at the nearest-neighbour correlation functions in the spin and charge regimes for which we use the density matrix renormalization group method, which is a highly efficient method to investigate quasi-one-dimensional strongly correlated systems.
We consider a one-dimensional Hund lattice model where a conducting band is coupled with localized spins s = 1/2 interacting antiferromagnetically, with coupling constant J , and investigate the ground state phase diagram as a function of both the exchange coupling J and the band filling, n . From spin structure factor measurements we found different evolving magnetic orderings in the ground state related to the particle distribution in the systems, although no charge density waves are formed, as found from density-density correlation function measurements. We study the quasiparticle formation and phase separation using the density-matrix renormalization group method, which is a highly efficient method to investigate quasi-one-dimensional strongly correlated systems.
We study higher-spin ($S\ensuremath{\ge}1$) generalization of the one-dimensional Kondo-Heisenberg model, in which the local spin-SSS moments of the Kondo-lattice model interact with each other via the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg interaction (JH{J}_{\text{H}}JH​), by analytical and numerical methods. The strong-coupling (i.e., large Kondo coupling) expansion maps out an insulating phase at half-filling whose magnetic correlation depends on the parity of 2S2S2S as well as a ferromagnetic metallic phase which dominates the strong-coupling region at generic fillings. Then, we carried out the density-matrix renormalization-group simulations for S=1S=1S=1 to closely investigate the phase structure at large but finite Kondo coupling. At half-filling, the Kondo coupling and JH{J}_{\text{H}}JH​ do not compete and the insulating spin-gapless phase is stable, while the competition of the two leads to a stepwise collapse of the strong-coupling ferromagnetism via an intervening dimerized insulating phase with power-law spin correlation at quarter-filling.
We study the spectral properties of the one-dimensional Kondo lattice model as a function of the exchange coupling, the band filling, and the quasimomentum in the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases. Using the density-matrix renormalization group method, we compute the dispersion relation of the quasiparticles, their lifetimes, and the ZZZ factor. Sigrist et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2211 (1991)] provided the exact ground state and the quasiparticle-dispersion relation of the Kondo lattice model with one conduction electron. The quasiparticle could be identified as the spin polaron. Our calculations of the dispersion relation for partial band fillings give a result similar to the one-electron case, which suggests that the quasiparticle in both cases is the spin polaron. We find that the quasiparticle lifetime differs by orders of magnitude between the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases and depends strongly on the quasimomentum.
The one-dimensional Kondo lattice model with attractive interaction among the conduction electrons is analyzed in the case of half-filling. It is shown that there are three distinct phases depending on the coupling constants of the model. Two phases have a spin and charge gap. While one shows a clear distinction of the spin and charge excitation spectrum the other phase may be characterized as a band insulator type where both excitations are due to two-particle states. The third phase is gapless in both channels and has quasi-long-range order in the spin- and charge-density-wave correlation. In this phase the spin and charge excitations have a clearly separated spectrum. For the analysis we discuss first two limiting cases. Then a density matrix renormalization group calculation on finite systems is applied to determine the phase diagram and the correlation functions in the gapped and gapless phase for general coupling constants.
We investigate the magnetic order and related strongly correlated effects in a one-dimensional Ising-Kondo lattice with transverse field. This model is the anisotropic limit of the conventional isotropic Kondo lattice model, in the sense that the itinerant electrons interact with the localized magnetic moments via only longitudinal Kondo exchange. Adopting the numerical density-matrix renormalization group method, we map out the ground-state phase diagram in various parameter spaces. Depending on the Kondo coupling and filling number, three distinct phases, including a metallic paramagnetic, a metallic ferromagnetic, and a gapped spin-density wave phase, are obtained. The spin-density wave is characterized by an ordering wave vector, which coincides with the nesting wave vector of the Fermi surface. This makes the corresponding magnetic transition a spin analog of the Peierls transition occurring in the one-dimensional metal. Moreover, by analyzing the momentum distribution function and charge correlation function, the conduction electrons are shown to behave like free spinless fermions in the ferromagnetic phase. We finally discuss the effect of the repulsive Hubbard interaction between conduction electrons. Our paper enriches the Kondo physics and deepens the current understanding of the heavy fermion compounds.
We study numerically the one-dimensional Kondo and Hund lattices consisting of localized spins interacting antiferromagnetically or ferromagnetically with the itinerant electrons, respectively. Using the density-matrix renormalization group we find, for both models and in the small coupling regime, the existence of new magnetic phases where the local spins order forming ferromagnetic islands coupled antiferromagnetically. Furthermore, by increasing the interaction parameter |J| we find that this order evolves toward the ferromagnetic regime through a spiral-like phase with longer characteristic wavelengths. These results shed new light on the zero temperature magnetic phase diagram for these models.