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Physica B Condensed Matter

Self-consistent Hartree description of anyons

Alexander L. Fetter

Published May 1, 1992• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum-field theory is used to study noninteracting spinless particles in two dimensions obeying fractional statistics (anyons). In the self-consistent and conserving Hartree approximation, this description reproduces the previous random-phase approximation, demonstrating both the existence of a gapless undamped collective mode and a gauge-invariant Meissner effect, very similar to that found in the BCS theory.

DOI
10.1016/0921-4526(92)90176-s

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Quantum-field theory is used to study noninteracting spinless particles in two dimensions obeying fractional statistics (anyons). In the self-consistent and conserving Hartree approximation, this description reproduces the previous random-phase approximation, demonstrating both the existence of a gapless undamped collective mode and a gauge-invariant Meissner effect, very similar to that found in the BCS theory.
The quantum-mechanical description of assemblies of particles whose motion is confined to two (or one) spatial dimensions offers many possibilities that are distinct from bosons and fermions. We call such particles anyons. The simplest anyons are parameterized by an angular phase parameter θθθ. θ=0,πθ= 0, πθ=0,π correspond to bosons and fermions respectively; at intermediate values we say that we have fractional statistics. In two dimensions, θθθ describes the phase acquired by the wave function as two anyons wind around one another counterclockwise. It generates a shift in the allowed values for the relative angular momentum. Composites of localized electric charge and magnetic flux associated with an abelian U(1) gauge group realize this behavior. More complex charge-flux constructions can involve non-abelian and product groups acting on a spectrum of allowed charges and fluxes, giving rise to nonabelian and mutual statistics. Interchanges of non-abelian anyons implement unitary transformations of the wave function within an emergent space of internal states. Anyons of all kinds are described by quantum field theories that include Chern--Simons terms. The crossings of one-dimensional anyons on a ring are uni-directional, such that a fractional phase θθθ acquired upon interchange gives rise to fractional shifts in the relative momenta between the anyons. The quasiparticle excitations of fractional quantum Hall states have long been predicted to include anyons. Recently the anyon behavior predicted for quasiparticles in the ν=1/3ν= 1/3ν=1/3 fractional quantum Hall state has been observed both in scattering and in interferometric experiments. Excitations within designed systems, notably including superconducting circuits, can exhibit anyon behavior. Such systems are being developed for possible use in quantum information processing.
We study a tight-binding model for anyons on a square lattice using a self-consistent mean-field theory, where the anyon gauge field is approximated by its expectation value. For any anyon density per site ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{0}$=p/q and statistics \ensuremath{\nu}=1-1/n, the anyon system has a linear collective mode if and only if q is greater than twice the largest common factor of p and n. The collective mode dispersion, \ensuremath{\omega}(k), is calculated numerically for n=1 (hard-core bosons) and n=2 (semions) at certain densities.
The quantum-mechanical description of assemblies of particles whose motion is confined to two (or one) spatial dimensions offers many possibilities that are distinct from bosons and fermions. We call such particles anyons. The simplest anyons are parameterized by an angular phase parameter θ. θ = 0, π correspond to bosons and fermions, respectively; at intermediate values, we say that we have fractional statistics. In two dimensions, θ describes the phase acquired by the wave function as two anyons wind around one another counterclockwise. It generates a shift in the allowed values for the relative angular momentum. Composites of localized electric charge and magnetic flux associated with an abelian U(1) gauge group realize this behavior. More complex charge-flux constructions can involve nonabelian and product groups acting on a spectrum of allowed charges and fluxes, giving rise to nonabelian and mutual statistics. Interchanges of nonabelian anyons implement unitary transformations of the wave function within an emergent space of internal states. Anyons of all kinds are described by quantum field theories that include Chern–Simons terms. The crossings of one-dimensional anyons on a ring are unidirectional, such that a fractional phase θ acquired upon interchange gives rise to fractional shifts in the relative momenta between the anyons. The quasiparticle excitations of fractional quantum Hall states have long been predicted to include anyons. Recently, the anyon behavior predicted for quasiparticles in the ν = 1/3 fractional quantum Hall state has been observed in both scattering and interferometric experiments. Excitations within designed systems, notably including superconducting circuits, can exhibit anyon behavior. Such systems are being developed for possible use in quantum information processing.