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Journal of Physics C Solid State Physics

The magnetically dilute XY ferromagnet. I. The quenched site case

J S Reeve, Donald D. Betts

Published Aug 21, 1975• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The spin- 1 / 2 XY model with quenched impurity sites is studied on three cubic lattices. Series of degree seven in inverse temperature at fixed magnetic-ion concentration and series of the same degree in magnetic-ion concentration at fixed temperature are generated for both the zero-field free energy and the zero-field fluctuation in the long-range order. The high-temperature series are too short for satisfactory analysis. The low-concentration series for the fluctuation however yield estimates for the critical exponent gamma , which appear to depend on temperature. The phase transition curve is estimated for all three lattices.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3719/8/16/015

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The spin- 1 / 2 XY model with quenched impurity sites is studied on three cubic lattices. Series of degree seven in inverse temperature at fixed magnetic-ion concentration and series of the same degree in magnetic-ion concentration at fixed temperature are generated for both the zero-field free energy and the zero-field fluctuation in the long-range order. The high-temperature series are too short for satisfactory analysis. The low-concentration series for the fluctuation however yield estimates for the critical exponent gamma , which appear to depend on temperature. The phase transition curve is estimated for all three lattices.
The equilibrium behaviors of the anisotropic XY ferromagnet, with nonmagnetic impurity, have been investigated in three dimensions by Monte Carlo simulation using Metropolis algorithm. Two different types of anisotropy, namely, the bilinear exchange type and single-site anisotropy are considered here. The thermodynamic behaviors of the components of the magnetizations (M), susceptibility ([Formula: see text]) and the specific heat (C) have been studied systematically through extensive Monte Carlo simulations. The ferro–para phase transition has been observed to take place at a lower temperature for impure anisotropic XY ferromagnet. The pseudocritical temperature ([Formula: see text]) has been found to decrease as the system gets more and more impure (impurity concentration p increases). In the case of bilinear exchange type of anisotropy ([Formula: see text]), the pseudocritical temperature ([Formula: see text]) increases linearly with [Formula: see text] for any given concentration of nonmagnetic impurity (p). The slope of this linear function has been found to depend on the impurity concentration (p). The slope decreases linearly with the impurity concentration (p). In the case of the single-site anisotropy (D), the pseudocritical temperature ([Formula: see text]) has been found to decrease linearly with p for fixed D. The critical temperature (for a fixed set of parameter values) has been estimated from the temperature variation of fourth-order Binder cumulants ([Formula: see text]) for different system sizes (L). The critical magnetization ([Formula: see text]) and the maximum value of the susceptibility ([Formula: see text]) are calculated for different system sizes (L). The critical exponents for the assumed scaling laws, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], are estimated through the finite size analysis. We have estimated, [Formula: see text], equals [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for bilinear exchange and single-site anisotropy, respectively. We have also estimated, [Formula: see text] equals [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for bilinear exchange and single-site anisotropy, respectively.
In the paper the Pair Approximation (PA) method for studies of the site-diluted spin-1/2 systems of arbitrary dimensionality with the long-range ferromagnetic interactions is adopted. The method allows to take into account arbitrary anisotropy of the interactions in the spin space, so it is not limited to purely Ising couplings. Within this approach, the Gibbs free energy is obtained, which allows to derive all the further interesting thermodynamic properties. In particular, we obtain an equation for the critical temperature of the second-order phase transitions for the model in question. In the study we focus our attention on the systems with ferromagnetic interactions decaying with the distance according to the power law J(r)∝r−nJ(r)\propto r^{-n}J(r)∝r−n. We discuss the dependence of the critical temperature on the concentration of magnetic component and the index nnn for selected one-, two- and three-dimensional lattices.We confirm the absence of the critical concentration for a diluted magnet with infinite interaction range. In the regime of the low concentrations of magnetic component, we find a non-linear increase of the critical temperature with the concentration in the form of Tc∝pn/dT_{c}\propto p^{n/d}Tc​∝pn/d, depending on the system dimensionality ddd and the index nnn, whereas n>dn > dn>d.
Using the Monte Carlo technique the authors have studied a two-dimensional Ising model with quenched non-magnetic impurities. In particular they calculated the temperature dependence of the order parameter, of the zero-field susceptibility and of the specific heat. These results indicate that a second-order phase transition is preserved for p>or=0.9 where 1-p denotes the concentration of randomly distributed non-magnetic sites. Moreover, they yield beta approximately=1/8 and gamma approximately=7/4, indicating that these exponents equal the corresponding ones for the pure Ising model.
The spin one half XY model of ferromagnetism is defined by the interaction Hamiltonian [MATH] where the σ's are Pauli matrices defined at the sites i and j of a regular lattice. This model is appropriate for magnetic insulators for which g⊥ >> g|| temperature series expansions for the fluctuation in the long range order yield estimates of the critical temperatures for the f.c.c., b.c.c. and s.c. lattices and a susceptibility index γ ≈ 4/3. The fourth order fluctuation series yields the estimate Δ ≈ 5/3 from which by the scaling hypothesis all other indices are obtained. A further linearity hypothesis leads to predictions for the Heisenberg model indices from the Ising and XY indices.
The thermal and magnetic properties of the simple cubic Ising model with random, quenched, site impurities have been determined by Monte Carlo calculations. The transition appears to remain sharp, and the critical temperature decreases monotonically towards zero as the impurity concentration is increased towards the percolation limit. No clear evidence is found for any change in the critical exponents away from the pure lattice values. These results are discussed in terms of Harris's predictions for the critical behavior of impure systems.
The XY\mathrm{XY}XY model of a quantum lattice fluid or a ferromagnet is studied by the method of exact high-temperature series expansion. Nine terms are obtained in the free-energy series and seven in the series for the square of the fluctuation in the long-range order. Analysis of these series yields the critical values $\frac{k{T}_{c}}{J}=4.84\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}=1.00\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07$, and $\ensuremath{\alpha}=\ensuremath{-}0.20\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.20$ for the fcc lattice.