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Physica B+C

Ultra-high sensitivity accelerometers and gyroscopes using neutral atom matter-wave interferometry

John F. Clauser

Published Jul 1, 1988• 166 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0378-4363(88)90176-3

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Optics and, more recently, coherent matter waves enabled inertial sensors, such as accelerometers and gyroscopes, to reach high levels of resolution and sensitivity. As these technologies rest on physical phenomena that require particular setups and working conditions, e.g., kilometers of optical fibers or ultralow temperatures, their application range is limited because of lack of portability. Here, we propose a path forward considering a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) to detect and measure acceleration by using electronic interferometry. The basic idea is not to use a SQUID as a magnetometer in acceleration measurement setups, but as an accelerometer. The operation of such an accelerometer rests on the ability of the Cooper pairs to record their wave function phase change, as the device is subjected either to a transverse acceleration or vibrations. We provide numerical evidence for the feasibility of SQUID-based accelerometers that can be used for transverse acceleration and oscillatory motion measurement.
A gyroscope is one of the core components of an inertial navigation system. Both the high sensitivity and miniaturization are important for the applications of the gyroscope. We consider a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in a nanodiamond, which is levitated either by an optical tweezer or an ion trap. Based on the Sagnac effect, we propose a scheme to measure the angular velocity with ultra-high sensitivity through the matter-wave interferometry of the nanodiamond. Both the decay of the motion of the center of mass of the nanodiamond and the dephasing of the NV centers are included when we estimate the sensitivity of the proposed gyroscope. We also calculate the visibility of the Ramsey fringes, which can be used for estimating the limitation of gyroscope sensitivity. It is found that the sensitivity ∼ 6.86 × 10 − 7 r a d / s / H z can be achieved in an ion trap. As the working area of the gyroscope is extremely small (∼0.01~μm 2 ), it could be made on-chip in the future.