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International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering

Using Permutations to Enhance the Gain of RUQB Technique

Abdulla M. Abu-ayyash, Naim Ajlouni

Published Apr 1, 2012• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum key distribution (QKD) techniques usually suffer from a gain problem when comparing the final key to the generated pulses of quantum states. This research permutes the sets that RUQB (Abu-ayyash & Ajlouni, 2008) uses in order to increase the gain. The effect of both randomness and permutations are studied; While RUQB technique improves the gain of BB84 QKD by 5.5% it was also shown that the higher the randomness of the initial key the higher the gain that can be achieved, this work concluded that the use of around 7 permutations results in 30% gain recovery in an ideal situations.

DOI
10.4018/jitwe.2012040103

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Quantum key distribution (QKD) techniques usually suffer from a gain problem when comparing the final key to the generated pulses of quantum states. This research permutes the sets that RUQB (Abu-ayyash & Ajlouni, 2008) uses in order to increase the gain. The effect of both randomness and permutations are studied; While RUQB technique improves the gain of BB84 QKD by 5.5% it was also shown that the higher the randomness of the initial key the higher the gain that can be achieved, this work concluded that the use of around 7 permutations results in 30% gain recovery in an ideal situations.
Some quantum key distribution (QKD) technics - BB84, B92 [4], [5] for example - have a gain problem comparing the fnal key to the generated pulses of quantum particles. RUQB [1] technique improves the gain of BB84 by 5.5%, the improvement was achieved by fnding the relationship among the random bits that where initially generated, then exchanging this relationship to aid in recovery of some lost bits. This research permutate the sets that RUQB uses (hence P-RUQB) to have better gain, it was found that about 30% gain can be recovered by using about 8 permutations in ideal situation.
Practical quantum key distribution gain is usually less than the theoretical limit, this is due to the imperfection of physical devices, quantum channels, and the lost qubits due to test carried out for for the identification of the presence of an eavesdropper and the consequence reduction of obtained knowledge. In this paper a technique is presented to recover some of the unused qubits which result in an increase in the gain of the QKD protocols, in this research it was found that for the BB84 the recovered qubits can be as much as 11% of the initial key bits. This technique is based on discovering the relationship between the initial key bits and the original random bits which will aid in the recovery process of the unused qubits ( unused qubits are the bits which are assumed to be lost at the start of the process due to the random process and for BB84 it is assumed to be around 50% of the generated key bits).
Quantum cryptography is a technique to distribute a sequence of truly random and unconditionally secure bits over a secure communication by applying the phenomena of quantum physics. The distributed secret bits perform the secret key which is used later to encrypt messages with an encryption algorithm, usually the One-Time-Pad is used. Quantum Key Distribution solves the security problem in classical cryptography by depending on the laws of physics which is focusing on the physics of information. Quantum protocol gain usually is low due to the quantum channel noise and the difference between the photon polarization at the sender and receiver side; in this research, a method is proposed to increase the protocol gain without decreasing the security level of quantum key. BB84 quantum key distribution algorithm is implemented and simulated with MATLAB R2010a simulation; and a comparison is made with A. Singh and N. Sharma [14] results.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a method that enables secure communication between two parties by applying the ideas of quantum physics. By minimizing information leakage that can happen during the key generation process, privacy amplification is a technique used to improve the security of QKD. The technique involves processing the raw key obtained from QKD through a randomization procedure to remove any residual information that may have been leaked during the quantum transmission. While privacy amplification can significantly improve the security of QKD, the effectiveness of the technique is limited by the quality of the initial raw key. The BB84 QKD protocol has been improved with the proposed En-BB84 protocol, which includes built-in authentication and integrity checks. The En-BB84 protocol ensures secure distribution of secret keys and protects against tampering by attackers. Key distillation and error correction techniques are employed to extract a shorter, more secure shared secret key and correct errors introduced during qubit transmission. The protocol utilizes a four-state QKD approach, expanding on the traditional two-state scheme of BB84. A simulation of the En-BB84 protocol is demonstrated using a quantum circuit implemented with Qiskit in Python. The circuit employs various gates and operations, including Hadamard, CX, controlled swap, and RZ gates, to achieve encoding and error correction. Furthermore, we have designed a better protocol with improved error rates by incorporating improvisations on the BB84 protocol. Experimental results indicate the successful integration of the B92 error correction scheme into the modified BB84 protocol, enhancing the security and performance of QKD systems.
Abstract. We study the advantages to be gained in quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols by combining the techniques of local randomization, or noisy preprocessing, and structured (nonrandom) block codes. Extending the results of [Smith, Renes, and Smolin, quant-ph/0607018] pertaining to BB84, we improve the best-known lower bound on the error rate for the 6-state protocol from 14.11 % for local randomization alone to at least 14.59%. Additionally, we also study the effects of iterating the combined preprocessing scheme and find further improvements to the BB84 protocol already at small block lengths. PACS numbers: 03.67.Dd Quantum cryptography and communication security 03.67.Hk Quantum communicationImproved one-way rates for BB84 and 6-state protocols 2 1.
We study the advantages to be gained in quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols by combining the techniques of local randomization, or noisy preprocessing, and structured (nonrandom) block codes. Extending the results of [Smith, Renes, and Smolin, {\em Physical Review Letters}, 100:170502] pertaining to BB84, we improve the best-known lower bound on the error rate for the 6-state protocol from 14.11% for local randomization alone to at least 14.59%. Additionally, we also study the effects of iterating the combined preprocessing scheme and find further improvements to the BB84 protocol already at small block lengths.