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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Borel quantum kinematics of rank k on smooth manifolds

Ute A. Mueller, H. D. Doebner

Published Feb 7, 1993• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The authors propose a model for quantizing a nonrelativistic physical system that admits a finite number of internal degrees of freedom. They assume that the configuration space of the given system carries the structure of a smooth manifold M. The kinematics of the given system is assumed to be describable by a flow model. Under certain technical restrictions momentum and position operators are seen to act on a Hilbert space of square-integrable sections of a Hermitian vector bundle over M. They determine their necessary shape up to isometric isomorphism and distinguish two types. In particular, they show that the number of inequivalent quantizations depends on the topology of the underlying configuration space.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/26/3/029

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The authors propose a model for quantizing a nonrelativistic physical system that admits a finite number of internal degrees of freedom. They assume that the configuration space of the given system carries the structure of a smooth manifold M. The kinematics of the given system is assumed to be describable by a flow model. Under certain technical restrictions momentum and position operators are seen to act on a Hilbert space of square-integrable sections of a Hermitian vector bundle over M. They determine their necessary shape up to isometric isomorphism and distinguish two types. In particular, they show that the number of inequivalent quantizations depends on the topology of the underlying configuration space.
We consider configuration spaces of nonidentical pointlike particles. The physically motivated assumption that any two particles cannot be located at the same point in space–time leads to nontrivial topological structure of the configuration space. For a quantum mechanical description of such a system, we classify complex vector bundles over the configuration space and obtain potentials of topological origin, similar to those that occur in the fiber bundle approach to Dirac’s magnetic monopole or in Yang–Mills theory.
In this paper, we define Berezin-type and Odzijewicz-type quantizations on compact smooth manifolds. The method is as follows: we embed the smooth manifold of real dimension [Formula: see text] into [Formula: see text] and induce the quantizations from there. The standard way by which reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces are defined on submanifolds gives a way to define the pullback coherent states. In Berezin-type quantization, the Hilbert space of quantization is the pullback (by the embedding) of the Hilbert space of geometric quantization of [Formula: see text]. In the Odzijewicz-type quantization, one has to consider a tensor product of the geometric quantization line bundle with holomorphic [Formula: see text]-forms. In the Berezin case, the operators that are quantized are those induced from the ambient space [Formula: see text]. The Berezin-type quantization exhibited here is a generalization of an earlier work of the author and Ghosh. In both Berezin- and Odzijewicz-type quantizations, we first exhibit this quantization explicitly on [Formula: see text] and we induce the quantization on the smooth compact embedded manifold from [Formula: see text].
We propose a new systematic fibre bundle formulation of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. The new form of the theory is equivalent to the usual one and is in harmony with the modern trends in theoretical physics and potentially admits new generalizations in different directions. In it the Hilbert space of a quantum system (from conventional quantum mechanics) is replaced with an appropriate Hilbert bundle of states and a pure state of the system is described by a lifting of paths or sections along paths in this bundle. The evolution of a pure state is determined through the bundle (analogue of the) Schrödinger equation. Now the dynamical variables and density operators are described via liftings of paths or morphisms along paths in suitable bundles. The mentioned quantities are connected by a number of relations derived in this paper. In the third part of our series we investigate the bundle analogues of the conventional pictures of motion. In particular, we find the state liftings and observable liftings corresponding to state vectors and observables respectively in the different pictures of motion. The equations of motion for these quantities are derived. Using the results obtained, problems concerning the integrals of motion are considered from the bundle viewpoint. Necessary and sufficient invariant bundle conditions for a dynamical variable to be an integral of motion are found.
The subject of the four manuscripts which make up this dissertation is the concept of integrability in quantum mechanical systems with two degrees of freedom, including the relation between quantum integrability and classical integrability in such systems. In the first manuscript, I consider a two-spin model both classically and quantum mechanically. In the six-dimensional parameter space of this model, classical integrability is satisfied on a five-dimensional hypersurface, and level crossings occur on four-dimensional manifolds that are completely embedded in the integrability hypersurface except for some lower-dimensional sub-manifolds. Under mild assumptions, the classical integrability condition can be reconstructed from a purely quantum mechanical study of level degeneracies in finite-dimensional invariant blocks of the Hamiltonian matrix. In the second manuscript, I analyze the functional dependence [special characters omitted] of the Hamiltonian operator on the action operators for an integrable quantum system, and I compare it with the corresponding functional relationship H (p1, q1; p2, q 2) = HC(J1, J2) in the classical limit of that system. It is demonstrated that the functional dependence is not the same quantum mechanically and (semi-)classically. The former is shown to converge toward the latter in some asymptotic regime associated with the classical limit, but the convergence may be non-uniform. This analysis is carried out for an integrable one- parameter two-spin model. Additional results presented for the (integrable) circular billiard model exhibit similar quantum corrections to the predictions of semiclassical quantization. In the third and the fourth manuscripts, I investigate the relations between symmetry, integrability, and the assignment of quantum numbers to eigenstates for two-spin and spin-boson models. I calculate quantum invariants in the form of expectation values for selected operators and monitor their dependence on the Hamiltonian parameters along loops within, without, and across the integrability region in parameter space. I find clear-cut signatures of integrability and nonintegrability in the observed traces of quantum invariants evaluated in invariant Hilbert subspaces. The results support the notion that quantum integrability depends on the existence of action operators as constituent elements of the Hamiltonian.
It is well known that the representations over an arbitrary configuration space related to a physical system of the Heisenberg algebra allow to distinguish the simply and non simply-connected manifolds [arXiv:quant-ph/9908.014, arXiv:hep-th/0608.023]. In the light of this classification, the dynamics of a quantum particle on the line is studied in the framework of the conventional quantization scheme as well as that of the enhanced quantization recently introduced by J. R. Klauder [arXiv:quant-ph/1204.2870]. The quantum action functional restricted to the phase space coherent states is obtained from the enhanced quantization procedure, showing the coexistence of classical and quantum theories, a fundamental advantage offered by this new approach. The example of the one dimensional harmonic oscillator is given. Next, the spectrum of a free particle on the two-sphere is recognized from the covariant diffeomorphic representations of the momentum operator in the configuration space. Our results based on simple models also point out the already-known link between interaction and topology at quantum level.
Various problems concerning the geometry of the space of Hermitian operators on a Hilbert space are addressed. In particular, we study the canonical Poisson and Riemann–Jordan tensors and the corresponding foliations into Kähler submanifolds. It is also shown that the space of density states on an n -dimensional Hilbert space is naturally a manifold stratified space with the stratification induced by the the rank of the state. Thus the space of rank- k states, k = 1, ..., n , is a smooth manifold of (real) dimension 2 nk − k 2 − 1 and this stratification is maximal in the sense that every smooth curve in , viewed as a subset of the dual to the Lie algebra of the unitary group , at every point must be tangent to the strata it crosses. For a quantum composite system, i.e. for a Hilbert space decomposition , an abstract criterion of entanglement is proved.