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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Force sensitivity of a cavityless optomechanical system

R. Fermani, Stefano Mancini, David Vitali, Paolo Tombesi

Published May 25, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the possibility to reveal a weak coherent force acting on a movable mirror (probe) by coupling it to a radiation field (meter) in a cavityless configuration. We determine the sensitivity of such a model and we show that the use of entangled meter state greatly improves the ultimate detection limit. A comparison of the presented model with that involving optical cavity is also done.

DOI
10.1117/12.546516

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We study the possibility to reveal a weak coherent force acting on a movable mirror (probe) by coupling it to a radiation field (meter) in a cavityless configuration. We determine the sensitivity of such a model and we show that the use of entangled meter state greatly improves the ultimate detection limit. A comparison of the presented model with that involving optical cavity is also done.
A quantum system composed of a cavity radiation field interacting with a movable mirror is considered and quantum statistical properties of the field are studied. Such a system can serve, in principle, as an idealized meter for detection of a weak classical force coupled to the mirror which is modelled by a quantum harmonic oscillator. It is shown that the standard quantum limit on the measurement of the mirror position arises naturally from the properties of the system during its dynamical evolution. However, the force detection sensitivity of the system falls short of the corresponding standard quantum limit. We also study the effect of the nonlinear interaction between the moving mirror and the radiation pressure on the quadrature fluctuations of the initially coherent cavity field.
We study the detection of weak coherent forces by means of an optomechanical device formed by a highly reflecting isolated mirror shined by an intense quasimonochromatic laser beam. Radiation pressure excites a vibrational mode of the mirror, inducing sidebands of the incident field, which are then measured by heterodyne detection. We show that the sensitivity of such a scheme can surpass the standard quantum limit. In particular the use of an entangled input state of the two sideband modes improves the detection, even in the presence of damping and noise acting on the mechanical mode.
We theoretically investigate quantum measurement noise in a hybrid optomechanical system, focusing on radiation pressure back action and its impact on force sensing. The setup consists of an optomechanical cavity with a movable mirror, a fixed semi transparent mirror, an ensemble of quantum dots (QD) coupled to the cavity mode, and an intracavity optical parametric amplifier (OPA). We show how the QD induced response, together with the system nonlinearity, modifies the noise spectral density and thereby improves the force measurement sensitivity. In this setup, coherent quantum noise cancellation (CQNC) can completely remove the back action noise. In addition, increasing the OPA pump gain enables sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit (SQL) at reduced laser power. These combined effects allow weak force sensing beyond the SQL.
We study the quantum limits in an optomechanical sensor based on a detuned high-finesse cavity with a movable mirror. We show that the radiation pressure exerted on the mirror by the light in the detuned cavity induces a modification of the mirror dynamics and makes the mirror motion sensitive to the signal. This leads to an amplification of the signal by the mirror dynamics, and to an improvement of the sensor sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit, up to an ultimate quantum limit only related to the mechanical dissipation of the mirror. This improvement is somewhat similar to the one predicted in detuned signal-recycled gravitational-wave interferometers, and makes a high-finesse cavity a model system to test these quantum effects.
We propose a sensing scheme for detecting weak forces that achieves Heisenberg-limited sensitivity without relying on entanglement or other non-classical resources. Our scheme utilizes coherent averaging across a chain of N optomechanical cavities, unidirectionally coupled via a laser beam. As the beam passes through the cavities, it accumulates phase shifts induced by a common external force acting on the mechanical elements. Remarkably, this fully classical approach achieves the sensitivity scaling typically associated with quantum-enhanced protocols, providing a robust and experimentally feasible route to precision sensing. Potential applications range from high-sensitivity gravitational field measurements at the Large Hadron Collider to probing dark matter interactions and detecting gravitational waves. This work opens a new pathway for leveraging coherent light-matter interactions for force sensing.