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Molecular Physics

Optical pumping magnetic resonance in high magnetic fields: characterization of the optical properties of Rb-Xe mixtures

Matthew P. Augustine, Kurt W. Zilm

Published Oct 1, 1996• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The spectroscopic characteristics of the polarization of 129Xe nuclei in Xe gas by spin exchange with optically pumped Rb atoms is examined in high magnetic field. The high field Zeeman effect provides the spectral dispersion necessary to separate the effects of different light polarizations and incident wavelengths on the pumping cycle. Indirect detection of the D1 line in Rb using 129Xe nuclear magnetic resonance in combination with direct optical detection indicates that conventional container construction significantly decreases the efficiency of the 129Xe polarization. The decreased pumping efficiency is due to randomly polarized photons that can be eliminated by using containers with good optical quality windows. Study of these effects is facilitated by the large Zeeman shifts obtained with multi-tesla fields which resolve the D1 multiplet structure even in the presence of the significant pressure-broadening incells with typical gas pressures of 0⋅1-1 atm.

DOI
10.1080/00268979609482504

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Optical pumping magnetic resonance in high magnetic fields: Characterization of nuclear relaxation during pumping

Matthew P. Augustine, Kurt W. Zilm

The polarization of 129Xe gas by spin exchange with optically pumped Rb vapor is investigated in high magnetic field. Operation in a high field provides added spectral dispersion via Zeeman shifts of the electronic transitions. This simplifies the physics of the pumping process in such a way as to make it more amenable to treatment with simple rate theory. A relationship between the steady state 129Xe polarization and the applied laser power is derived which agrees with experimental results. This theory serves as a guide to the manufacture of very high polarizations of 129Xe gas.

The Journal of Chemical Physics•Aug 22, 1996•14 citations

Production of Hyperpolarized 129Xe Using Spin Exchange Optical Pumping

Vladimir Vladimirovich Kavtanyuk, Wooyoung Kim, Yu Ando +3 more

We present a constructed setup for polarizing 129 Xe noble gas. Hyperpolarized 129 Xe has been obtained via spin exchange with an optically pumped rubidium vapor. Optical pumping is based on polarizing the valence electron of rubidium by the resonant absorption of a circularly polarized laser light. The magnetic field of 30 G was used for obtaining 129 Xe polarization. The apparatus for detecting polarization is a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. The highest 129 Xe polarization of 54% has been obtained using 60 W circularly polarized laser light with wavelength of 794.7 nm. The measured longitudinal relaxation time of the hyperpolarized 129 Xe was 72.3 minutes.

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High-field measurement of the 129Xe−Rb spin-exchange rate due to binary collisions

Yuan‐Yu Jau, Nicholas N. Kuzma, W. Happer

We have measured the binary spin-exchange rate coefficient for collisions between Rb and ${}^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$ atoms at a magnetic field $B=9.4\mathrm{T}$ and in the temperature range $160<T<200\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}.$ The longitudinal spin-relaxation rate ${1/T}_{1}$ of ${}^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$ is dominated by ${}^{129}\mathrm{Xe}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Rb}$ binary collisions. We measured ${1/T}_{1}$ using the methods of conventional nuclear magnetic resonance, with no spin enhancement by optical pumping. At the high magnetic field and large gas pressures used in this work, the contribution of ${}^{129}\mathrm{Xe}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Rb}$ molecules to the spin-exchange rate was less than 0.1% of the binary-collision rate. The Rb atomic number density [Rb] was measured directly from the large Faraday rotation of the polarization of near-resonant light passing through the sample cells. The rate coefficient is $\ensuremath{\kappa}{=d(1/T}_{1})/d[\mathrm{Rb}]=(1.75\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}/\mathrm{s}.$

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A nuclear spin-based129Xe and131Xe using optical polarization

Binquan Zhou, Linlin Chen, Guanqun Lei +3 more

We present a design for a spin-exchange optical pumping system to produce large quantities of highly polarized 129Xe and 131Xe. Low xenon concentrations in the flowing gas mixture which allow the laser to maintain high Cs polarization. The large spin-exchange rate between Cs and Xe through the long-lived van der Waals molecules at low pressure, combined with a high flow rate, results in large production rates of hyperpolarized xenon. The fast rates make it possible to obtain large nuclear polarizations after several minutes of optical pumping with a laser.At high Xe pressures. According to the theory, the longitudinal spin-elaxation rate 1T1 of Xe in a high-pressure sample containing only Xe and Cs vapor has the simple form is the velocity averaged binary spin-exchange cross section, It is the relaxation rate due to wall collisions and perhaps magnetic field inhomogeneities. Our results complement earlier studies performed at 129Xe pressures of about 20 Torr and 131Xe pressures of about 20 Torr and N2 pressures of 600 Torr . This work is useful for predicting spin-exchange rates between polarized Cs atoms and Xe nuclei.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Oct 8, 2015•0 citations

Optical pumping magnetic resonance in high magnetic fields: Measurement of high field spin exchange cross sections

Matthew P. Augustine, Kurt W. Zilm

Abstract The polarization of 129 Xe gas by spin exchange with optically pumped Rb vapor is examined in high magnetic field. Measurements of the Rb–Xe velocity averaged spin exchange cross section 〈 σ v 〉 and the 129 Xe relaxation time in the absence of Rb, T 1 Xe , are discussed. Comparison of these high field results to low field literature values for 〈 σ v 〉 show that this parameter is essentially field independent. T 1 Xe is also found to be significantly longer in high field. On the basis of these observations, it is shown that production of large amounts of spin polarized 129 Xe gas can be made more efficient by high field operation.

Chemical Physics Letters•Nov 1, 1997•18 citations

Comparative Measurement of Transverse Nuclear Magnetization of Polarized 129 Xe and 131 Xe by Spin-exch ange Optical Pumping

Yu. Ye Jin, Seong Ho Min, Han-Seb Moon

We analyze the transverse nuclear magnetizations of 129Xe and 131Xe in a vapor cell containing natural Xe, 87Rb, and buffer gases. The Xe atoms are polarized through spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) with Rb atoms under low-magnetic-field conditions. From the free-induction-decay (FID) signal, we measure the nuclear magnetization of the Xe atoms in the Xe-Rb vapor cell. Furthermore, we measure the dependence of the gyromagnetic ratio on the magnetization of 129Xe and 131Xe by examining the amplitude of the FID signal of each isotope, and we evaluate the relationship between the magnetic field gradient and transverse relaxation rate for both of the 129Xe and 131Xe isotopes.

Current Optics and Photonics•Dec 25, 2020•2 citations
The spectroscopic characteristics of the polarization of 129Xe nuclei in Xe gas by spin exchange with optically pumped Rb atoms is examined in high magnetic field. The high field Zeeman effect provides the spectral dispersion necessary to separate the effects of different light polarizations and incident wavelengths on the pumping cycle. Indirect detection of the D1 line in Rb using 129Xe nuclear magnetic resonance in combination with direct optical detection indicates that conventional container construction significantly decreases the efficiency of the 129Xe polarization. The decreased pumping efficiency is due to randomly polarized photons that can be eliminated by using containers with good optical quality windows. Study of these effects is facilitated by the large Zeeman shifts obtained with multi-tesla fields which resolve the D1 multiplet structure even in the presence of the significant pressure-broadening incells with typical gas pressures of 0⋅1-1 atm.
The polarization of 129Xe gas by spin exchange with optically pumped Rb vapor is investigated in high magnetic field. Operation in a high field provides added spectral dispersion via Zeeman shifts of the electronic transitions. This simplifies the physics of the pumping process in such a way as to make it more amenable to treatment with simple rate theory. A relationship between the steady state 129Xe polarization and the applied laser power is derived which agrees with experimental results. This theory serves as a guide to the manufacture of very high polarizations of 129Xe gas.
We present a constructed setup for polarizing 129 Xe noble gas. Hyperpolarized 129 Xe has been obtained via spin exchange with an optically pumped rubidium vapor. Optical pumping is based on polarizing the valence electron of rubidium by the resonant absorption of a circularly polarized laser light. The magnetic field of 30 G was used for obtaining 129 Xe polarization. The apparatus for detecting polarization is a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. The highest 129 Xe polarization of 54% has been obtained using 60 W circularly polarized laser light with wavelength of 794.7 nm. The measured longitudinal relaxation time of the hyperpolarized 129 Xe was 72.3 minutes.
We have measured the binary spin-exchange rate coefficient for collisions between Rb and 129Xe{}^{129}\mathrm{Xe}129Xe atoms at a magnetic field B=9.4TB=9.4\mathrm{T}B=9.4T and in the temperature range $160<T<200\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}.$ The longitudinal spin-relaxation rate 1/T1{1/T}_{1}1/T1​ of 129Xe{}^{129}\mathrm{Xe}129Xe is dominated by ${}^{129}\mathrm{Xe}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Rb}$ binary collisions. We measured 1/T1{1/T}_{1}1/T1​ using the methods of conventional nuclear magnetic resonance, with no spin enhancement by optical pumping. At the high magnetic field and large gas pressures used in this work, the contribution of ${}^{129}\mathrm{Xe}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Rb}$ molecules to the spin-exchange rate was less than 0.1% of the binary-collision rate. The Rb atomic number density [Rb] was measured directly from the large Faraday rotation of the polarization of near-resonant light passing through the sample cells. The rate coefficient is $\ensuremath{\kappa}{=d(1/T}_{1})/d[\mathrm{Rb}]=(1.75\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}/\mathrm{s}.$
We present a design for a spin-exchange optical pumping system to produce large quantities of highly polarized 129Xe and 131Xe. Low xenon concentrations in the flowing gas mixture which allow the laser to maintain high Cs polarization. The large spin-exchange rate between Cs and Xe through the long-lived van der Waals molecules at low pressure, combined with a high flow rate, results in large production rates of hyperpolarized xenon. The fast rates make it possible to obtain large nuclear polarizations after several minutes of optical pumping with a laser.At high Xe pressures. According to the theory, the longitudinal spin-elaxation rate 1T1 of Xe in a high-pressure sample containing only Xe and Cs vapor has the simple form is the velocity averaged binary spin-exchange cross section, It is the relaxation rate due to wall collisions and perhaps magnetic field inhomogeneities. Our results complement earlier studies performed at 129Xe pressures of about 20 Torr and 131Xe pressures of about 20 Torr and N2 pressures of 600 Torr . This work is useful for predicting spin-exchange rates between polarized Cs atoms and Xe nuclei.
Abstract The polarization of 129 Xe gas by spin exchange with optically pumped Rb vapor is examined in high magnetic field. Measurements of the Rb–Xe velocity averaged spin exchange cross section 〈 σ v 〉 and the 129 Xe relaxation time in the absence of Rb, T 1 Xe , are discussed. Comparison of these high field results to low field literature values for 〈 σ v 〉 show that this parameter is essentially field independent. T 1 Xe is also found to be significantly longer in high field. On the basis of these observations, it is shown that production of large amounts of spin polarized 129 Xe gas can be made more efficient by high field operation.
We analyze the transverse nuclear magnetizations of 129Xe and 131Xe in a vapor cell containing natural Xe, 87Rb, and buffer gases. The Xe atoms are polarized through spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) with Rb atoms under low-magnetic-field conditions. From the free-induction-decay (FID) signal, we measure the nuclear magnetization of the Xe atoms in the Xe-Rb vapor cell. Furthermore, we measure the dependence of the gyromagnetic ratio on the magnetization of 129Xe and 131Xe by examining the amplitude of the FID signal of each isotope, and we evaluate the relationship between the magnetic field gradient and transverse relaxation rate for both of the 129Xe and 131Xe isotopes.