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Physical Review A

Bistability in a four-level laser with a resonant pump mode

Timothy C. Ralph

Published Jun 1, 1994• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate an optically pumped four-level laser in which both the laser and the pump form resonant cavity modes. We find that the system can exhibit absorptive bistability under conditions typical of solid-state lasers. Under conditions of high pump-cavity finesse, a bistability exists between below-threshold operation and maximum laser output.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.49.4979

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A simple four-level model is used to describe two-band systems such as dyes and semiconductors. The system is irradiated by a bichromatic input in an optical cavity and both fields exhibit optical multistability. The calculations take into account the possibility of noncoherent (electrical) pumping of the system, thus generalizing the model to include semiconductor laser amplifiers. Since both fields are allowed to resonate in the cavity, a low-intensity control beam and/or the noncoherent pumping intensity can 'tune' and adapt the response of the second input. Some applications of this tunability are outlined.>

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We investigate an optically pumped four-level laser in which both the laser and the pump form resonant cavity modes. We find that the system can exhibit absorptive bistability under conditions typical of solid-state lasers. Under conditions of high pump-cavity finesse, a bistability exists between below-threshold operation and maximum laser output.
Homogeneously broadened lasers are considered as intrinsically single mode monostable devices [1] where intensity and frequency are defined by the cavity mode that lies nearest to the center of the atomic line. Here we show theoretically and experimentally that this heuristic picture falls when the interaction between different cavity modes becomes relevant. In fact, for sufficiently high detuning between cavity and atomic resonance frequencies (δAC), self pulsing of the laser arise from the simultaneous operation in two modes (phase instability) even if it is operating near threshold (C ⪯ 1) and in the so-called good cavity limit (k ≪ γ⊥, γ‖). Using parameter values which are typical of many solid state and molecular gas lasers (γ‖, k ≪ γ⊥), the theory predicts a bistable behavior in both the output intensity and frequency, as δAC is varied (Fig. 1). These theoretical results have been confirmed by experiments carried out on a CO2 laser where the distance between modes was controlled by changing the losses inside the cavity and the detuning δAC was varied by a fine tuning of the distance between mirrors. The output intensity versus δAC is shown in Fig. 2 for two different values of losses and gas pressure. Direct comparison between Fig. 2b) and Fig. 1 shows a good qualitative agreement. Measurements of the transients during the jump of Fig.2b) confirmed the mode-mode competition interpretation.
We propose and report the first experimental demonstration of a new type of active optical bistable device composed of an optical cavity and a lasing medium with a pumping source of either optical or nonopticai means. The basic principle underlying the operation of the optical bistable laser (OBL) is based on the stable-unstable cavity configuration transition of an active optical resonator. Generally speaking, a laser system showing both pump- and laser-induced tensing (focusing or defocusing) effects may display such a hysteresis loop in its input-output characteristics. Optical bistability (OB) based on self-focusing of light in a medium having a nonlinear refractive index has recently been shown experimentally.1
A simple four-level model is used to describe two-band systems such as dyes and semiconductors. The system is irradiated by a bichromatic input in an optical cavity and both fields exhibit optical multistability. The calculations take into account the possibility of noncoherent (electrical) pumping of the system, thus generalizing the model to include semiconductor laser amplifiers. Since both fields are allowed to resonate in the cavity, a low-intensity control beam and/or the noncoherent pumping intensity can 'tune' and adapt the response of the second input. Some applications of this tunability are outlined.>