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Applied Physics Letters

Tunable giant Faraday rotation of exciton in semiconductor quantum wells embedded in a microcavity

Jiangtao Liu, Kai Chang

Published Feb 5, 2007• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Faraday rotation of an exciton in a GaAs quantum well (QW) embedded in a microcavity is investigated theoretically. The authors find that the Faraday rotation is enhanced remarkably by the microcavity, with a magnitude about two orders of magnitude larger than that of a single QW without microcavity. The Faraday rotation can be tuned by changing the incident angle of the pump and probe lights, or by varying the temperature or an external electric field. With an appropriate detuning between the cavity mode of the pump and probe lights, the Faraday rotation spectrum displays a strongly asymmetric line shape, which can easily be detected experimentally.

DOI
10.1063/1.2471993

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The Faraday rotation of an exciton in a GaAs quantum well (QW) embedded in a microcavity is investigated theoretically. The authors find that the Faraday rotation is enhanced remarkably by the microcavity, with a magnitude about two orders of magnitude larger than that of a single QW without microcavity. The Faraday rotation can be tuned by changing the incident angle of the pump and probe lights, or by varying the temperature or an external electric field. With an appropriate detuning between the cavity mode of the pump and probe lights, the Faraday rotation spectrum displays a strongly asymmetric line shape, which can easily be detected experimentally.
We propose a quantum nondemolition method---a giant optical Faraday rotation near the resonant regime to measure a single-electron spin in a quantum dot inside a microcavity where a negatively charged exciton strongly couples to the cavity mode. Left-circularly and right-circularly polarized lights reflected from the cavity obtain different phase shifts due to cavity quantum electrodynamics and the optical spin selection rule. This yields giant and tunable Faraday rotation that can be easily detected experimentally. Based on this spin-detection technique, a deterministic photon-spin entangling gate and a scalable scheme to create remote spin entanglement via a single photon are proposed.
The nonlinear optical responses of a strongly coupled exciton-photon system in a semiconductor microcavity structure under weak excitation can be explained by a weak exciton-exciton interaction due to the nonideal bosonic (weakly interacting bosons) nature of the excitons. The exciton-exciton interaction leads to an attractive interaction between excitons with opposite spin, and a repulsive interaction between excitons with the same spin and a phase space filling. Earlier, we have reported the ratio of these interaction energies from the polarization-sensitive degenerate four-wave mixing on a strongly coupled GaAs quantum well (QW) microcavity under weak excitation density. In order to quantitatively determine the exciton-exciton polarization interaction energy, we have proposed a pump-probe nonlinear polarization rotation scheme. In the paper, we report the quantitative measurement of the exciton-exciton polarization interaction energy in the above mentioned system under strict weak excitation density using the pump-probe nonlinear polarization rotation (PR) technique. In the technique, the change of polarization state of a weak linearly polarized probe due to the anisotropy induced by a strong, circularly polarized pump is monitored in reflection geometry.
Summary form only given. The optical coherent control of quantum mechanical systems enables the direct manipulation of quantum states, and has been demonstrated on excitonic transitions in semiconductors. We have demonstrated the coherent control of the nonlinear optical response of quantum-well excitons in a resonant high-Q microcavity. There are two significant advantages to using excitons in microcavities instead of bare quantum wells: first, the multiple reflections which occur in the cavity strongly enhance the optical nonlinearity, enabling large-signal coherent control, and second, 2-color coherent control may be implemented, where a pump pulse tuned to one of the normal modes of the coupled exciton-microcavity system can control the response of a probe tuned to the other normal mode. The nonlinear response of the normal modes is due to the nonlinearity of the underlying exciton transition.
Abstract : Spontaneous emission of an atom is not an immutable property of an atom but can be controlled by modification of the vacuum field fluctuations surrounding the atom. In fact, inhibition and enhancement of spontaneous emission of atoms both at microwave and optical frequencies have been demonstrated experimentally. It has, also, been demonstrated that spontaneous emission from GaAs quantum wells (QWs) is altered by embedding the QWs between AlAs/AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). Such an artificial modification of the spontaneous emission in semiconductor micro-structures is very important, particularly from device use point of view. We may, also expect enhancement and inhibition of spontaneous emission induced by tuning of emission wavelength of atoms or active materials embedded in fixed micro-cavities, instead of variation of micro-cavity structures. In this paper, we demonstrate, for the first time, controllable enhancement and inhibition of excitonic spontaneous emission by dc electric fields applied to a GaAs QW embedded in a pair of AlAs/AlGaAs DBRs.
Tuning of the vacuum Rabi exciton-photon coupling in semiconductor quantum microcavity structures by external electric and magnetic fields is presented. Contrasting effects due to the two external perturbations are found, principally due to the decrease of exciton oscillator strength in electric field and increase of oscillator strength in magnetic field. The strong coupling limit is easily achieved in these high quality structures with line widths on resonance as small as 1 meV. In addition to the tuning phenomena, the effects of exciton Zeeman splitting on the spectra and unexpected linewidth narrowing phenomena on resonance are reported.