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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Fault-tolerant quantum repeaters for long-distance quantum communication based on quantum dots

N. Cody Jones, Kristiaan De Greve, Y. Yamamoto

Published Jan 1, 2012• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a proposal for a quantum repeater which uses fault-tolerant quantum error correction to overcome decoherence limitations to creating long-distance entanglement between quantum dot spin qubits.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_at.2012.jw3i.5

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Single electron spins in quantum dots are attractive for quantum communication because of their expected long coherence times. We propose a method to create entanglement between two remote spins based on the coincident detection of two photons emitted by the dots. Local nodes of two or more qubits can be realized using the dipole-dipole interaction between trions in neighboring dots and spectral addressing, allowing the realization of a quantum repeater. We have performed a detailed feasibility study of our proposal based on tight-binding calculations of quantum dot properties.
Abstract The distribution of quantum entanglement is essential for quantum communication. Contrary to classical communication, the signal in quantum communication is impossible to copy due to the basic principles of quantum mechanics, i.e. , quantum state collapse and no-cloning theorem. However, the communication range is limited by inevitable photon loss. To counteract this issue, one can insert several repeater stations between two remote end nodes to divide the full distance into several shorter segments and successively operate entanglement swapping between adjacent repeater stations to enable long-distance quantum communication. Up to now, one can classify quantum repeaters (QRs) into three generations based on the methods of reducing errors resulted from photon loss and imperfect operations. In this paper, we will briefly review advances for each generation of QRs and discuss the advantages and challenges of each generation. Moreover, we also discuss some efficient proposals of building blocks to overcome the bottlenecks for QRs.
Over the last decade, the record distance for quantum communications remains in the range of 100 km due to losses and decoherence in the quantum channel. To achieve long distance, H.J. Briegel et al proposed a quantum repeater protocol, which combine quantum memory, entanglement purification and entanglement swapping [1]. Due to the lack of perfect quantum memory, the quantum repeater has not yet been implemented experimentally though much efforts have been made over many years. Here we present a solid-state repeater scheme using a quantum-dot spin in an optical microcavity [2,3]. This repeater has several advantages: (1) deterministic (if optimized); (2) complete and loss-resistant Bell-state analyzer with a built-in spin memory; (3) the storage time for spin memory could be significantly prolonged using proposed spin-echo techniques; (4) compatible with standard semiconductor processing techniques. [1] H. -J. Briegel et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 5932 (1998). [2] C.Y. Hu et al, Phys. Rev. B, 78, 085307 (2008); 78, 125316 (2008); 80, 205326 (2009). [3] C.Y. Hu and J.G. Rarity, ArXiv: quant-ph 1005.5545 (2010). [4] S. Reitzenstein et al, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 251109 (2007).
Abstract: This chapter explores the engineering of quantum repeaters, a critical technology for enabling secure and scalable long-distance quantum communication. Quantum repeaters extend the range of quantum communication networks by preserving entanglement and mitigating signal loss over large distances. The chapter covers the key principles of entanglement swapping, quantum memory, and quantum error correction, which are essential for maintaining the integrity of quantum states. It also examines advanced repeater architectures, including multi-mode repeaters and entanglement purification techniques, to improve scalability and robustness. Case studies highlight real-world implementations of quantum repeaters in quantum key distribution (QKD) networks, demonstrating their role in achieving secure global communication. Keywords: quantum repeaters, long-distance quantum communication, entanglement swapping, quantum memory, quantum error correction, entanglement purification, multi-mode repeaters, quantum key distribution, QKD, scalable quantum networks, secure communication.