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Nuclear Physics A

Modeling few-body phenomena in an ultracold Rydberg gas

M. Reetz‐Lamour, Thomas Amthor, Sebastian Westermann, J. Denskat, A.L. de Oliveira, Matthias Weidemüller

Published Jun 1, 2007• 5 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.03.124

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We studied the properties of a cold ( $\ensuremath{\sim}100\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$) and dense ( $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{8--10}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$) atomic Rydberg Cs gas, and found that the observed widths and shapes of resonances in population transfers cannot be explained in the framework of a usual gas model. We propose a ``frozen Rydberg gas'' model, where the interplay between two-body and many-body phenomena affects in an unexpected way the width and the shape of spectral lines.
Many-body correlations govern a variety of important quantum phenomena such as the emergence of superconductivity and magnetism. Understanding quantum many-body systems is thus one of the central goals of modern sciences. Here we demonstrate an experimental approach towards this goal by utilizing an ultracold Rydberg gas generated with a broadband picosecond laser pulse. We follow the ultrafast evolution of its electronic coherence by time-domain Ramsey interferometry with attosecond precision. The observed electronic coherence shows an ultrafast oscillation with a period of 1 femtosecond, whose phase shift on the attosecond timescale is consistent with many-body correlations among Rydberg atoms beyond mean-field approximations. This coherent and ultrafast many-body dynamics is actively controlled by tuning the orbital size and population of the Rydberg state, as well as the mean atomic distance. Our approach will offer a versatile platform to observe and manipulate non-equilibrium dynamics of quantum many-body systems on the ultrafast timescale.