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Physical Review A

Zero-point cooling and heating-rate measurements of a single Sr+88 ion

V. Letchumanan, G. Wilpers, Michael Brownnutt, Patrick Robert Gill, Alastair G. Sinclair

Published Jun 28, 2007• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A single $^{88}\mathrm{Sr}^{+}$ ion has been cooled to the zero point of its axial motion in a radio frequency endcap trap. A ground-state occupation probability of 98.6(8)% was achieved using resolved sideband laser cooling on the $674\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ $^{2}S_{1∕2}\text{\ensuremath{-}}^{2}D_{5∕2}$ quadrupole transition. The ion's heating rate was measured to be 0.054(4) quanta/ms, implying a spectral density of electric field noise comparable to the other reported values, summarized in the paper by Deslauriers et al. [Phys. Rev. A 70, 043048 (2004)]. Low heating rates were only observed using a trap that had minimal exposure to atomic flux.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.75.063425

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A single 88Sr+^{88}\mathrm{Sr}^{+}88Sr+ ion has been cooled to the zero point of its axial motion in a radio frequency endcap trap. A ground-state occupation probability of 98.6(8)% was achieved using resolved sideband laser cooling on the 674nm674\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}674nm 2S1∕2\ensuremath-2D5∕2^{2}S_{1∕2}\text{\ensuremath{-}}^{2}D_{5∕2}2S1∕2​\ensuremath-2D5∕2​ quadrupole transition. The ion's heating rate was measured to be 0.054(4) quanta/ms, implying a spectral density of electric field noise comparable to the other reported values, summarized in the paper by Deslauriers et al. [Phys. Rev. A 70, 043048 (2004)]. Low heating rates were only observed using a trap that had minimal exposure to atomic flux.
We report the laser cooling of a single 40Ca+{^{40}\mathrm{Ca}}^{+}40Ca+ ion in a Penning trap to the motional ground state in one dimension. Cooling is performed in the strong binding limit on the 729-nm electric quadrupole ${S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{D}_{5/2}$ transition, broadened by a quench laser coupling the D5/2{D}_{5/2}D5/2​ and P3/2{P}_{3/2}P3/2​ levels. We find the final ground-state occupation to be 98(1)%. We measure the heating rate of the trap to be very low with $\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \textperiodcentered \fi{}}{\overline{n}}\ensuremath{\approx}0.3(2)\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for trap frequencies from 150--400 kHz, consistent with the large ion-electrode distance.
We report the laser cooling of a single 40Ca+^{40}\text{Ca}^+40Ca+ ion in a Penning trap to the motional ground state in one dimension. Cooling is performed in the strong binding limit on the 729-nm electric quadrupole S1/2↔D5/2S_{1/2}\leftrightarrow D_{5/2}S1/2​↔D5/2​ transition, broadened by a quench laser coupling the D5/2D_{5/2}D5/2​ and P3/2P_{3/2}P3/2​ levels. We find the final phonon number to be nˉ=0.014±0.009\bar{n}=0.014\pm0.009nˉ=0.014±0.009. We measure the heating rate of the trap to be very low with nˉ˙=2.5±0.3s−1\dot{\bar{n}}=2.5\pm 0.3\textrm{s}^{-1}nˉ˙=2.5±0.3s−1 and a scaled spectral noise density of ωSE(ω)∼1.6−8V2m−2Hz−1s−1\omega S_{E}(\omega)\sim1.6^{-8}\textrm{V}^2\textrm{m}^{-2}\textrm{Hz}^{-1}\textrm{s}^{-1}ωSE​(ω)∼1.6−8V2m−2Hz−1s−1, which is consistent with the large ion-electrode distance. We perform Rabi oscillations on the sideband-cooled ion and observe a coherence time of 0.7±0.1ms0.7\pm 0.1\textrm{ms}0.7±0.1ms, noting that the practical performance is currently limited by the intensity noise of the probe laser.
We report a demonstration and quantitative characterization of one-dimensional cavity cooling of a single trapped (88)Sr(+) ion in the resolved-sideband regime. We measure the spectrum of cavity transitions, the rates of cavity heating and cooling, and the steady-state cooling limit. The cavity cooling dynamics and cooling limit of 22.5(3) motional quanta, limited by the moderate coupling between the ion and the cavity, are consistent with a simple model [Phys. Rev. A 64, 033405 (2001)] without any free parameters, validating the rate equation model for cavity cooling.
We report a demonstration and quantitative characterization of one-dimensional cavity cooling of a single trapped [superscript 88]Sr[superscript +] ion in the resolved-sideband regime. We measure the spectrum of cavity transitions, the rates of cavity heating and cooling, and the steady-state cooling limit. The cavity cooling dynamics and cooling limit of 22.5(3) motional quanta, limited by the moderate coupling between the ion and the cavity, are consistent with a simple model [Phys. Rev. A 64, 033405 (2001)] without any free parameters, validating the rate equation model for cavity cooling.
We report on ground-state laser cooling of single 111Cd+^{111}\mathrm{Cd}^{+}111Cd+ ions confined in radio-frequency (Paul) traps. Heating rates of trapped ion motion are measured for two different trapping geometries and electrode materials, where no effort was made to shield the electrodes from the atomic Cd\mathrm{Cd}Cd source. The low measured heating rates suggest that trapped 111Cd+^{111}\mathrm{Cd}^{+}111Cd+ ions may be well suited for experiments involving quantum control of atomic motion, including applications in quantum information science.
We have recently demonstrated the laser cooling of a single 40Ca+ ion to the motional ground state in a Penning trap using the resolved-sideband cooling technique on the electric quadrupole transition S12↔ D52. Here we report on the extension of this technique to small ion Coulomb crystals made of two or three 40Ca+ ions. Efficient cooling of the axial motion is achieved outside the Lamb-Dicke regime on a two-ion string along the magnetic field axis as well as on two- and three-ion planar crystals. Complex sideband cooling sequences are required in order to cool both axial degrees of freedom simultaneously. We measure a mean excitation after cooling of n¯COM=0.30(4) for the centre of mass (COM) mode and n¯B=0.07(3) for the breathing mode of the two-ion string with corresponding heating rates of 11(2) s-1 and 1(1)s-1 at a trap frequency of 162 kHz. The occupation of the ground state of the axial modes (ntilt=nCOM=0) is above 75% for the two-ion planar crystal and the associated heating rates 0.8(5) s-1 at a trap frequency of 355 kHz.