Dynamics and Potentials

Carlo F. Barenghi, Thomas Bland, Nick G. Parker

Jupa, Petr

This document presents Section 3 of the Theory of Potential: “Potential Layer Dynamics 1.0”, a full derivation and formalisation of the dynamical law governing the evolution of the potential-layer density operator ρ_P(t).The potential layer represents the structured, unrealised quantum potential underlying physical reality in the Theory of Potential framework. In this work we formulate a generalised master equation combining: unitary evolution driven by the potential Hamiltonian H_P, local Lindblad-type decoherence generating effective classical branches, and a deterministic ontological reduction term that selects the realised sector of ρ_P(t). We further show that the dynamics can be obtained from a variational principle defined on operator space, involving the functional F = E_P − Θ S_P − Λ[…], linking potential-layer energy, entropy and constraints from geometry and the realised layer R(t). The section develops: the continuity equation for the Q-density field Q(x,t), entropy production and exchange terms (σ_loc, σ_red), characteristic time scales (t_dec, t_red), positivity and norm-preservation of the evolution, and physical predictions, including deviations from linear QM, gravitational signatures and cosmological implications. This work forms one of the core building blocks of the unified Theory of Potential and is fully consistent with previous sections (Signature Equation, Q-Density Extension 1.0) and future components (R-dynamics, geometrical coupling, cosmology, dark matter interpretation and Q-gradient structures).This section establishes the full dynamical law of the potential layer and forms the mathematical backbone for subsequent components of the unified Theory of Potential (geometric coupling, cosmology, Q-gradient structures, R-dynamics).

Roger R. Sakhel, Asaad R. Sakhel

We explore the energy dynamics of a two dimensional (2D) trapped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) excited by a moving red-detuned laser potential (RDLP). The trap is a combination of a power-law (PL) potential cutoff by a hard-wall box potential (HWBP). It is found that by a restricted measurment of the energy within the boundaries of the HWBP, the energy demonstrates oscillations indicative of solitons. It is then demonstrated, that the geometry of the PL potential influences the lifetime of these oscillations, i.e., the lifetime of the ensuing solitons inside the HWBP. We argue that the energy dynamics in this setup are a good tool for measuring their lifetime. It is also found, that the condensate density dynamics display oscillatory patterns of a magnitude and order controlled by the velocity of the RDLP. A connection to oscillations in the chemical potential dynamics is also discussed. Essentially, we suggest future experiments for this kind of setup, which would measure the phonon energy dynamics to trace the lifetime of solitons.

Noriaki Horiuchi

Pavel Exner

Bo Zhang, Denglong Wang, She Yan-Chao +1 more

Using multiple-scale method, we study analytically the soliton dynamical behaviors of the Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in a square-well potential. It is found that the square-well potential has important effects on the soliton dynamics. When the soliton goes into the square-well potential, its movement is accelerated; while it leaves the square-well potential, the soliton is decelerated. With the increase in depth of the square-well potential, the velocity of the soliton increases, and its amplitude becomes larger and its width decreases. This may serve as a reference effect for controlling the dynamical characteristics of the soliton in experiments.