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Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

Vertical nano superconducting quantum interference device based on Josepshon tunnel nanojunctions for small spin cluster detection

C. Granata, Antonio Vettoliere, Matteo Fretto, Natascia De Leo, V. Lacquaniti

Published Feb 16, 2015• 9 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.02.037

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Applied Physics Letters•Feb 14, 2003•150 citations
In the present paper, performance of nano-superconducting-quantum-interference devices (SQUIDs) has been investigated in view of their employment in the detection of small spin populations. The analysis has been focused on nano-SQUID sensors having a square loop with a side length of 200 nm. We calculate the spin sensitivity and the magnetic response relative to the single Bohr magneton (single spin), as a function of its position within the SQUID hole. The results show that the SQUID response depends strongly on the spin position; the ratio between the spin sensitivity evaluated in the center of the loop and the minimum one is as high as a factor of 3 for a spin at a reasonable distance z′ of 10 nm from the SQUID plane. Furthermore, the magnetic flux due to several hundred of spins has been evaluated by considering different random spin distributions within the SQUID hole. Due to the both nonuniform SQUID response and the random distribution process, the results show a statistical uncertainty which has been evaluated as a function of the spin number. The estimated informations are very useful to optimize the sensor performance in view of the most nanomagnetism applications.
Electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching have been used to fabricate thin-film Au/Nb bridges with widths ∼50 nm. The Au layer was used as both a mask for etching the Nb superconducting bridge and as a resistive shunt in the completed devices. Using these junctions, a dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) design with a hole size of 200 nm×200 nm (nano-SQUID) has also been fabricated and characterized. A flux noise of approximately 7×10−6 Φ0/Hz1/2 at 4.2 K has been achieved, from which a calculated spin sensitivity of 250 spin/Hz1/2 is predicted.