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Physical Review Letters

Tricritical Universality in Two Dimensions

David Paul Landau, Robert H. Swendsen

Published Jun 1, 1981• 137 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A powerful, new extension of the Monte Carlo renormalization-group (MCRG) method is used to accurately determine the tricritical point and exponents in two very different two-dimensional models: an Ising antiferromagnet and a Blume-Capel model. We find four relevant tricritical eigenvalues which are essentially identical for both models. We also demonstrate that subtle warning signals appear in a standard Monte Carlo calculation when a second-order transition is being misinterpreted as first order.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.46.1437

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A powerful, new extension of the Monte Carlo renormalization-group (MCRG) method is used to accurately determine the tricritical point and exponents in two very different two-dimensional models: an Ising antiferromagnet and a Blume-Capel model. We find four relevant tricritical eigenvalues which are essentially identical for both models. We also demonstrate that subtle warning signals appear in a standard Monte Carlo calculation when a second-order transition is being misinterpreted as first order.
Using a Monte Carlo renormalization-group (MCRG) method we study tricritical behavior in two very different two-dimensional spin models: the Blume-Capel ferromagnet and the next-nearest-neighbor Ising antiferromagnet. The MCRG method is used to locate accurately tricritical points independent of the convergence of eigenvalue estimates. Despite the different symmetries and the different renormalization transformations used for the two models, in both cases we find four relevant tricritical eigenvalues which are essentially identical for both models. For the antiferromagnet, there is no indication of any decomposition of the tricritical point as predicted by mean-field theory, for ratios of intrasublattice to intersublattice coupling as small as (1/8).
Abstract We show that accurate insights into the critical properties of the Blume–Capel model at two dimensions can be deduced from Monte Carlo simulations, even for small system sizes, when one analyses the behaviour of the zeros of the partition function. The phase diagram of the model displays a line of second-order phase transitions ending at a tricritical point, then a line of first-order transitions. We concentrate on critical and tricritical properties and compare the accuracy achieved via standard finite-size scaling of thermodynamic quantities with that from the zeros analysis. This latter analysis showcases spectacular precision, even for systems as small as 64 spins. We also show that the zeros are very sensitive to subtle crossover effects.
The phase diagram of the two-dimensional Blume-Capel model is investigated by using the technique of phenomenological finite-size scaling. The location of the tricritical point and the values of the critical and tricritical exponents are determined. The location of the tricritical point (Tt{T}_{t}Tt​=0.610\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005, Dt{D}_{t}Dt​=1.9655\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0010) is well outside the error bars for the value quoted in previous Monte Carlo simulations but in excellent agreement with more recent Monte Carlo renormalization-group results. The values of the critical and tricritical exponents, with the exception of the leading thermal tricritical exponent, are in excellent agreement with previous calculations, conjectured values, and Monte Carlo renormalization-group studies.
Monte Carlo simulations are used to investigate the tricritical point properties of a two-dimensional (2D) spin fluid. Measurements of the scaling operator distributions are employed in conjunction with a finite-size scaling analaysis to locate the tricritical point and determine the directions of the relevant scaling fields and their associated tricritical exponents. The scaling operator distributions and exponents are shown to match quantitatively those of the 2D Blume-Capel model, confirming that both models belong to the same universality class. Mean-field calculations of the tricritical point location are also compared with the simulation measurements. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
We employed Monte Carlo simulations and short-time dynamic scaling to determine the static and dynamic critical exponents for the generalized two-dimensional Blume-Capel model of spin-3/2. We showed that the critical behavior at the second-order phase-transition line between the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases is in the same universality class of the two-dimensional Ising model. However, at the double critical end point, which is present in the phase diagram of the model, the critical exponent beta , associated to the order parameter, is different from that of the Ising model.
We have performed large-scale numerical simulations for the ± J Ising model on the simple cubic and the square lattices with asymmetric weight of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic bonds. The Monte Carlo renormalization group method is used to estimate T c , γ/ν, β/ν and ν at various points along the phase boundary between ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases including the tricritical point. The obtained values of T c and the resulting phase diagrams of the simple cubic and the square lattices are much more accurate than those estimated so far. In the simple cubic lattice, we find evidence for the possibility that universality of the ferromagnetic critical exponents holds along the critical line except at the tricritical point, while weak universality holds even at the tricritical point. Weak universality seems to hold also in the square lattice.