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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

A new mean-field-like renormalization group transformation

J. Kamphorst Leal da Silva, R. A. Nogueira, J. A. Plascak, Michel Droz

Published Mar 7, 1994• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

A new real space renormalization group transformation combining ideas from mean-field and finite-size scaling theories is presented. Application to the two-dimensional site directed percolation problem gives better values for the percolation threshold and critical exponent of longitudinal correlation length than those obtained previously with other real space renormalization group approaches. When applied to one-, two- and three-dimensional) Ising models, the results are comparable to the ones from previous mean-field-like renormalization group transformations. This method can easily be applied to other systems having second-order phase transitions.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/27/5/015

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A new real space renormalization group transformation combining ideas from mean-field and finite-size scaling theories is presented. Application to the two-dimensional site directed percolation problem gives better values for the percolation threshold and critical exponent of longitudinal correlation length than those obtained previously with other real space renormalization group approaches. When applied to one-, two- and three-dimensional) Ising models, the results are comparable to the ones from previous mean-field-like renormalization group transformations. This method can easily be applied to other systems having second-order phase transitions.
A renormalization-group approach using a scaling transformation in real space is applied to the critical behavior of two-dimensional percolation systems. In various approximations for the triangular-site lattice and the square-bond lattice, the location of the fixed point and the correlation-length exponent are calculated by determining the behavior of the probabilities under a scale transformation. The fixed points for all approximations for the two lattices are found to be in complete agreement with known exact results for the critical percolation probability.
A real-space renormalization group is developed which renormalizes probabilities directly in the percolation problem. An exact transformation is given in one dimension, and a cluster approach is presented for other lattices. The results are in excellent agreement with series calculations for the critical percolation concentration p c (both site and bond), and in good agreement for the correlation length exponent nu p . Additionally, in one dimension, a field-like variable is included and the remaining exponents are calculated.
A renormalization group approach in real space is applied to the bond percolating square lattice in two dimension using two scaling transformations proposed by Reynolds et al. (Reynolds's method) and by Yuge (Yuge's method). The renormalization transformation R b ( p ), the eigenvalue λ( b ) and the correlation length critical exponent v ( b ) are calculated exactly by changing the scale of length b =4 for Reynolds's method and b=5/2b=5/\sqrt{2}b=5/2​ and 6/26/\sqrt{2}6/2​ for Yuge's method. The true critical exponent v is estimated v =1.341 and 1.337 by extrapolation, respectively. Discussions are made on the results.
Introduction The real space renormalisation group has a wide application in the study of classical critical phenomena. For quantum systems, several versions of the real space renormalisation group have been proposed (Jullien, 1981; Pfeuty et al ., 1982; dos Santos, 1982). The real space RG is the most direct way of implementing the scaling ideas presented in Chapter 1. The operation of elimination of degrees of freedom as the system is reduced to blocks of smaller sizes under a change of length scale is directly and intuitively represented as mathematical equations. In particular, the block method has been used to study different problems of strongly correlated systems (Pfeuty et al ., 1982) and spin chains (White, 1992, 1993) with different degrees of sophistication. We show here in detail a simple form of this technique applied to the case of the one-dimensional Ising model in a transverse field. The purpose is to illustrate the ideas introduced earlier in Chapter 1 with a concrete example where a quantum critical point is associated with an unstable fixed point. Also, we show how the stable attractors or fixed points can characterise the different phases and how the critical exponents can be obtained. Although the actual values for the quantum critical point and critical exponents that we obtain using a small block are not exact, a procedure is outlined which can be used to improve these results. In this sense, the block method presented here represents a controlled approximation, which can be systematically improved to yield in the limit of very large blocks essentially the correct results. When compared to the k -space version of the RG (to be presented in the next two chapters), the real space version turns out to be in general more difficult to control, in the sense of producing a systematic improvement of the results. On the other hand, this method yields without much effort the attractive fixed points of the different phases, allowing for their characterisation. This turns out to be useful since the nature of the phase transition, whether first or second order, can be determined by exponents calculated in the attractor of this phase (Nienhuis and Naunberg, 1975).
The two- and three-dimensional transverse-field Ising models with ferromagnetic exchange interactions are analyzed by means of the real-space renormalization-group method. The basic strategy is a generalization of a method developed for the one-dimensional case, which exploits the exact invariance of the model under renormalization and is known to give the exact values of the critical point and critical exponent ν. The resulting values of the critical exponent ν in two and three dimensions are in good agreement with those for the classical Ising model in three and four dimensions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example in which a real-space renormalization group on (2+1)- and (3+1)-dimensional Bravais lattices yields accurate estimates of the critical exponents.